Automation malfunctions within complex socio-technical systems reserve the potential to significantly affect human performance. In the context of maritime operations, varying consequences of automation malfunction on human performance can be observed. This study introduced a two-step research framework to examine the repercussions of such malfunctions, particularly those related to communication and coordination among human teams in ship engine rooms. Initially, a qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted with seven professional marine engineers to explore the potential impact of hypothetical automation malfunction on team communication. Subsequently, a quantitative survey involving 32 professional marine engineers employed coordination demand analysis (CDA) to scrutinize changes in team coordination resulting from malfunction. The findings indicate that an automation malfunction within an engine room can precipitate an abrupt overload of the socio-technical system. This can significantly increase communication frequency among engineers, particularly in relation to the physical and organizational aspects of the environment. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of disparate levels of expertise among team members on coordination demands. A positive correlation was discovered between differences in expertise and increased coordination demands within a team. These insights underscore the necessity for future research on human–automation interaction, specifically focusing on individual differences and nontechnical skills.

中文翻译：

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探索自动化故障对船舶机舱团队沟通和协调的影响

复杂的社会技术系统中的自动化故障有可能显着影响人类的表现。在海上作业中，可以观察到自动化故障对人类表现的不同影响。这项研究引入了一个两步研究框架来检查此类故障的影响，特别是与船舶机舱内人员团队之间的沟通和协调相关的故障。最初，我们对七名专业海洋工程师进行了定性半结构化访谈，以探讨假设的自动化故障对团队沟通的潜在影响。随后，对32名专业轮机工程师进行了定量调查，利用协调需求分析（CDA）来审视因故障而导致的团队协调变化。研究结果表明，机舱内的自动化故障可能会导致社会技术系统突然过载。这可以显着增加工程师之间的沟通频率，特别是在环境的物理和组织方面。此外，该研究还强调了团队成员不同专业水平对协调需求的影响。研究发现，专业知识的差异与团队内协调需求的增加之间存在正相关关系。这些见解强调了未来研究人机交互的必要性，特别是关注个体差异和非技术技能。