Introduction

Suicidal behavior is an important public health problem, with a high prevalence in penitentiary context. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of specific treatment programs, aimed to prevent suicidal and self-injurious behavior in incarcerated people. These programs show relative efficiency depending on the model of the psychological intervention applied. This systematic review evaluates the efficiency of suicidal and self-injurious behavior prevention programs in prisons.

Method

Empirical studies, evaluating prevention programs for suicidal and self-injurious behavior in penitentiary context were considered for inclusion. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) directives were followed. Studies from 1990 to 2022 were reviewed, based on the review developed by Winicov (2019) that covered the time lapse between 1990 and 2015. Articles from 2015 to 2022 were located by database research (EBSCOHost, ScienceDirect, PubMed & ProQuest).

Results

44,050 potential studies were identified. Eighteen were included in this systematic review (9 studies by Winicov, 2019). 14 studies showed efficacy of intervention programs on self-injury behavior. The use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) reduced suicidal ideation. In addition, positive results were observed in 3 studies using third-generation therapies as an intervention.

Conclusions

Suicidal and self-injurious behavior in prison shows lower levels of incidence when specific treatment programs are applied. It's crucial to increase the evaluation in relation to the implementation of new treatment models (i.e., Dialectical Behavior Therapy - DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy - ACT, Mindfulness, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy – FAP) as to better orientate prevention strategies. Further research is needed in gender sensitive interventions.

中文翻译：

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心理干预预防监狱人群自杀行为和自残的有效性：系统评价

介绍

自杀行为是一个重要的公共卫生问题，在监狱环境中发病率很高。如今，有各种各样的具体治疗方案，旨在防止被监禁者的自杀和自残行为。这些计划显示的相对效率取决于所应用的心理干预模型。这项系统评价评估了监狱自杀和自残行为预防计划的效率。

方法

考虑纳入实证研究，评估监狱环境中自杀和自伤行为的预防计划。遵循 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指令。根据 Winicov (2019) 撰写的涵盖 1990 年至 2015 年时间间隔的综述，对 1990 年至 2022 年的研究进行了回顾。2015 年至 2022 年的文章通过数据库研究（EBSCOHost、ScienceDirect、PubMed 和 ProQuest）定位。

结果

确定了 44,050 项潜在研究。本系统评价纳入了 18 项研究（Winicov 的 9 项研究，2019 年）。14 项研究表明干预计划对自伤行为有效。认知行为疗法（CBT）的使用减少了自杀意念。此外，在使用第三代疗法作为干预措施的 3 项研究中观察到了积极的结果。

结论

当采用特定的治疗方案时，监狱中的自杀和自残行为的发生率较低。加强对新治疗模式（即辩证行为疗法 - DBT、接受与承诺疗法 - ACT、正念、功能分析心理疗法 - FAP）实施的评估对于更好地制定预防策略至关重要。需要对性别敏感的干预措施进行进一步研究。