Unions play a crucial role in determining wages and employment outcomes. However, union bargaining power may also have important effects on non-pecuniary working conditions. We study the effects of right-to-work laws, which removed agency shop protection and weakened union powers on long hours and non-standard work schedules that may adversely affect workers’ health and safety. We exploit variation in the timing of enactment across U.S. states and compare workers in bordering counties across adopting states and states that did not adopt the laws yet. Using the stacked approach to difference-in-differences estimates proposed by Cengiz et al. (2019), we find evidence that right-to-work laws increased the share of workers working long hours by 6%, while there is little evidence of an impact on hourly wages. The effects on long hours are larger in more unionized sectors (i.e., construction, manufacturing, and transportation). While the likelihood of working non-standard hours increases for particular sectors (education and public administration), there is no evidence of a significant increase in the overall sample.

中文翻译：

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工作权利法对长时间工作和工作安排的影响

工会在决定工资和就业结果方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，工会的议价能力也可能对非金钱工作条件产生重要影响。我们研究了工作权法的影响，该法取消了代理店保护，并削弱了工会在长时间工作和不标准工作安排方面的权力，这些可能对工人的健康和安全产生不利影响。我们利用美国各州颁布时间的差异，并对采用该法律的州和尚未采用该法律的州的边境县的工人进行比较。使用 Cengiz 等人提出的叠加方法进行双重差分估计。(2019)，我们发现有证据表明工作权法使长时间工作的工人比例增加了 6%，而几乎没有证据表明对小时工资有影响。在工会较多的行业（即建筑、制造和运输），长时间工作的影响更大。虽然特定部门（教育和公共管理）非标准工作时间的可能性有所增加，但没有证据表明总体样本显着增加。