This review article focuses on various fabrication strategies that utilize amino acids (AAs) in the creation of electrochemical sensors designed for the detection of heavy metals (HMs). AAs possess unique characteristics that make them valuable materials for sensing heavy metal ions (HMIs). The article delves into how AAs are incorporated into sensor designs and their interactions with HMIs. It places particular emphasis on a range of electrode modification methods, including drop casting, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), electropolymerization, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The article provides a comprehensive discussion of the preparation procedures, mechanisms, as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with each approach. Furthermore, it explores the emerging insights into combining AAs with both organic and inorganic materials, highlighting their synergistic effects in sensing applications. Throughout the review, the challenges and opportunities in the development of electrochemical sensors are spotlighted, with the ultimate goal of advancing next-generation sensors that can make a meaningful impact on modern society.

这篇综述文章重点介绍了利用氨基酸 (AA) 来创建用于检测重金属 (HM) 的电化学传感器的各种制造策略。AA 具有独特的特性，使其成为传感重金属离子(HMI) 的宝贵材料。本文深入探讨了 AA 如何融入传感器设计及其与 HMI 的交互。它特别强调一系列电极改性方法，包括滴铸、自组装单层 (SAM)、电聚合和分子印迹聚合物 (MIP)。本文全面讨论了制备过程、机制以及每种方法的优缺点。此外，它还探讨了将 AA 与有机和无机材料相结合的新兴见解，强调了它们在传感应用中的协同效应。在整个审查过程中，重点关注了电化学传感器开发中的挑战和机遇，最终目标是开发能够对现代社会产生有意义影响的下一代传感器。