Long-term high resolution climate proxies are essential for understanding climate variability particularly, in regions such as the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan, where few long-term climate records are available. Using standard dendrochronological methods, an 1132-year (882 to 2013 C.E.) tree-ring chronology of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb was established from the western Himalayas, northern Pakistan (WHNP). Tree growth was negatively and significantly (r = −0.65) correlated with the growing season (June–July) mean temperature, and positively and weakly (r = 0.22) associated with precipitation. This inverse relationship of tree radial growth with temperature and positive association with precipitation demonstrated that forest growth is sensitive to high temperature related drought. Utilizing a reliable STD chronology and robust reconstruction model, a 928-year (1086 to 2013 C.E.) mean temperature reconstruction was developed for the WHNP using the substantial negative correlation between the summer temperature and standard tree ring-width chronology. According to statistical validation, the reconstruction accounted for 41.6% of the climatic variation for the period of 1956–2013 C.E. instrumental period. Individual extreme-warm periods occurred in 1093 C.E. (29.42°C) and extreme cold periods in 1088 C.E. (26.99°C) observed during the past 928 years. The reconstruction’s multi-taper method (MTM) spectral analysis reveals significant (p < 0.05) 2–3-year and 63.8-year cycles. Since the 2–3-year cycle occurred within the range of ENSO variation, which indicates that ENSO had an impact on the regional temperature in our studied area.

长期高分辨率气候代理对于了解气候变化至关重要，特别是在巴基斯坦北部喜马拉雅山西部等地区，这些地区几乎没有长期气候记录。使用标准树木年代学方法，建立了巴基斯坦北部喜马拉雅山西部 (WHNP)的Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb 1132 年（公元 882 年至 2013 年）树木年表。树木生长与生长季（6 月至 7 月）平均温度呈显着负相关（ r = -0.65），与降水呈正相关且微弱相关（ r = 0.22）。树木径向生长与温度呈负相关，与降水呈正相关，这表明森林生长对高温相关干旱敏感。利用可靠的 STD 年表和稳健的重建模型，利用夏季温度与标准树木年轮宽度年表之间的显着负相关性，为 WHNP 开发了 928 年（公元 1086 年至 2013 年）平均温度重建。经统计验证，重建解释了1956-2013年CE仪器周期气候变化的41.6%。在过去928年中观测到的个别极暖期发生在公元1093年（29.42°C），极端寒冷期发生在公元1088年（26.99°C）。重建的多锥法 (MTM) 谱分析揭示了显着的 ( p < 0.05) 2-3 年和 63.8 年周期。由于2~3年的周期发生在ENSO变化范围内，这表明ENSO对我们研究区的区域气温产生了影响。