Unclear cystic masses in the pelvis in male patients are a rare situation and could be of benign or malignant origin. The underlying diseases demand for specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We present a case series of 3 male patients with different clinical symptoms (perineal pain, urinary retention and a large scrotal cyst) related to cystic lesions in the pelvic region. On all patients initial histopathological workup was unclear. All patients underwent surgery with complete resection of the tumor which revealed a broad spectrum of histopathological findings: unusual form of cystic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, malignant transformation of a dysontogenetic cyst, and finally a very rare diagnosis of a malignant tumor of the Cowper gland. This case series and literature review provide clues for a possible diagnostic and therapeutic approach in the case of unclear pelvic cystic masses and could support urologists during the therapy selection in the future.

中文翻译：

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男性盆腔囊肿肿块：罕见病例介绍和文献综述

男性患者骨盆内不明的囊性肿块很少见，可能是良性的，也可能是恶性的。基础疾病需要特定的诊断和治疗方法。我们介绍了 3 名男性患者的病例系列，这些患者具有与盆腔区域囊性病变相关的不同临床症状（会阴疼痛、尿潴留和大阴囊囊肿）。所有患者的初始组织病理学检查均不清楚。所有患者均接受了肿瘤完全切除的手术，结果显示了广泛的组织病理学发现：不寻常的前列腺囊性腺癌、发育不良囊肿的恶变，最后诊断为非常罕见的考珀腺恶性肿瘤。本病例系列和文献综述为盆腔囊性肿块不清楚的情况下可能的诊断和治疗方法提供了线索，并可以为泌尿科医生未来选择治疗方法提供支持。