High-capacity Li-rich Manganese-based cathode materials (LMCs) have been considered ideal cathodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) because of the Li₂MnO₃ phase with anion activity and the LiTMO₂ phase (TM: transition metal) with cation activity. However, the LMCs suffer from oxygen and Li irreversible loss in the cycles, which results in voltage decline, capacity attenuation, and a low initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE). Herein, we report co-precipitation synthesis of Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13 Co_0.13O₂ (LMNCO) cathodes by citric acid pretreatment, followed by carbothermal reduction to obtain a heterogeneous spinel layer of LMNCO surface. Organic acid undergoes carbonation and thermal reduction during annealing in an Ar atmosphere, contributing to the heterogeneous spinel layer reconstruction and the Mn reduction. The heterogeneous spinel layer facilitates Li-ion transportation by providing 3D Li diffusion channels and avoids bulk-phase corrosion by the electrolyte, as a buffer layer. At 0.1C, the surface-modified LMNCO cathodes render discharge capacity reaches up to 303.7 mAh g⁻¹, and the ICE is 85.6%. Furthermore, at a 1C current, the discharge capacity is found to be 248.4 mAh g⁻¹, and after 100 cycles, the capacity retention is 84.6%. These consequences demonstrate that the heterogeneous spinel layer significantly improves the capacity, ICE, and cyclic stability of the surface-modified LMNCO cathodes. The current study presents a successful modification to enhance the LMCs electrochemical performance, which is of utmost significance for practical applications.

高容量富锂锰基正极材料（LMC）因其具有阴离子活性的Li ₂ MnO ₃相和具有阴离子活性的LiTMO ₂相（TM：过渡金属）而被认为是锂离子电池（LIB）的理想正极材料。阳离子活性。然而，LMCs在循环过程中会遭受氧和锂的不可逆损失，导致电压下降、容量衰减和初始库仑效率（ICE）较低。在此，我们报道了通过柠檬酸预处理共沉淀合成Li _1.2 Mn _0.54 Ni _0.13 Co _0.13 O _{2 (LMNCO)阴极}，然后进行碳热还原以获得LMNCO表面的异质尖晶石层。在 Ar 气氛中退火期间，有机酸经历碳化和热还原，有助于异质尖晶石层重构和 Mn 还原。异质尖晶石层通过提供 3D Li扩散通道促进锂离子传输，并作为缓冲层避免电解质的体相腐蚀。在0.1C下，表面修饰的LMNCO正极的放电容量高达303.7 mAh g ^-1，ICE为85.6%。此外，在1C电流下，放电容量为248.4mAh g ^-1 ，并且在100次循环后，容量保持率为84.6%。这些结果表明，异质尖晶石层显着提高了表面改性 LMNCO 阴极的容量、ICE 和循环稳定性。目前的研究成功地对LMCs进行了修饰，以提高其电化学性能，这对于实际应用具有重要意义。