In this work, vanadium-substituted cesium phosphomolybdate salts were evaluated as catalysts in glycerol furfural condensation reactions, an attractive route to produce fuel-green bioadditives. Molybdenum atoms of phosphomolybdic acid were substituted with vanadium and precipitated as cesium salts generating catalysts with general formulae Cs_3+nPMo_12-nV_nO₄₀ (n = 1–3). Among the salts evaluated, Cs₄PMo₁₁V₁O₄₀ was the most active and selective catalyst toward the glyceryl furfural acetals, isomers (dioxolane: dioxane) were obtained at 2: 1 molar ratio with 90% conversion after a 2 h reaction at room temperature. The effect of main reaction parameters such as the glycerol: furfural molar ratio, the catalyst load, solvent, vanadium load, and the temperature were studied. The use of a solid, active, and easily synthesizable catalyst makes this an attractive route to produce fuel bioadditives from renewable raw materials at room temperature.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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钒取代磷钼酸铯盐上糠醛甘油缩合合成燃料生物添加剂

在这项工作中，评估了钒取代的磷钼酸铯盐作为甘油糠醛缩合反应的催化剂，这是生产燃料绿色生物添加剂的一种有吸引力的途径。磷钼酸的钼原子被钒取代并以铯盐形式沉淀，生成通式为 Cs _3+n PMo _12-n V _n O ₄₀ (n = 1–3) 的催化剂。在评估的盐中，Cs ₄ PMo ₁₁ V ₁ O ₄₀是对甘油糠醛缩醛最具活性和选择性的催化剂，在 2 小时反应后，以 2:1 摩尔比获得异构体（二氧戊环：二恶烷），转化率为 90%。室内温度。研究了主要反应参数如甘油：糠醛摩尔比、催化剂负载量、溶剂、钒负载量和温度的影响。使用固体、活性且易于合成的催化剂使得这是在室温下从可再生原材料生产燃料生物添加剂的有吸引力的途径。

图形概要