Abstract

The emergence of order in nature manifests in different phenomena, with synchronization being one of the most representative examples. Understanding the role played by the interactions between the constituting parts of a complex system in synchronization has become a pivotal research question bridging network science and dynamical systems. Particular attention has been paid to the emergence of chimera states, where subsets of synchronized oscillations coexist with asynchronous ones. Such coexistence of coherence and incoherence is a perfect example where order and disorder can persist in a long-lasting regime. Although considerable progress has been made in recent years to understand such coherent and (coexisting) incoherent states, how they manifest in real-world networks remains to be addressed. Based on a pattern formation mechanism, in this paper, we shed light on the role that non-normality, a ubiquitous structural property of real networks, has in the emergence of several diverse dynamical phenomena, e.g., amplitude chimeras or oscillon patterns. Specifically, we demonstrate that the prevalence of source or leader nodes in networks leads to the manifestation of phase chimera states. Throughout the paper, we emphasize that non-normality poses ongoing challenges to global synchronization and is instrumental in the emergence of chimera states.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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嵌合状态的持久性和现实网络中同步的挑战

摘要

自然界中秩序的出现体现在不同的现象中，同步是最具代表性的例子之一。理解复杂系统各组成部分之间同步相互作用所发挥的作用已成为连接网络科学和动力系统的关键研究问题。人们特别关注嵌合态的出现，其中同步振荡的子集与异步振荡共存。这种连贯性和不连贯性的共存是一个完美的例子，说明秩序和无序可以在一个持久的政权中持续存在。尽管近年来在理解这种相干和（共存）不相干状态方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但它们在现实世界网络中的表现方式仍有待解决。基于模式形成机制，在本文中，我们阐明了非正态性（真实网络普遍存在的结构特性）在几种不同动态现象（例如振幅嵌合体或振荡模式）的出现中所起的作用。具体来说，我们证明网络中源节点或领导节点的普遍存在会导致相位嵌合状态的表现。在整篇论文中，我们强调非正态性对全球同步构成了持续的挑战，并且有助于奇美拉国家的出现。

图文摘要