The immobilized microorganism technology is used to load the functional microorganism on a suitable carrier to maintain its biological activity, resist the impact of adverse environment. In this study, chemical modification of lignin side chain phenolic hydroxyl groups was carried out to increase the content of amide functional groups and enhance their adsorption and fixation effects on microorganisms due to the numerous active sites in the structure of discarded lignin, and studied its impact on microbial activity and crop growth. The results show that the modified lignin could be effectively combined with functional microorganisms, and the proposed bio-composite material was an effective method for cell protection. In addition, it was shown that functional microorganisms maintained high biological activity by immobilization of modified lignin, which was 34.3–41.0% higher than that of CK. Moreover, the technology could increase the total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content in soil by 70.8% and 64.4%, respectively, compared with CK. Therefore, it could increase eventually wheat growth indices and biomass. The completed research opens new perspectives for the effective immobilization of microorganisms and utilization of wasted lignin of significant economic importance.

固定化微生物技术是将功能微生物负载在合适的载体上，以保持其生物活性，抵抗不良环境的影响。本研究针对废弃木质素结构中存在的众多活性位点，对木质素侧链酚羟基进行化学修饰，以增加酰胺官能团的含量，增强其对微生物的吸附固定效果，并研究其影响影响微生物活性和作物生长。结果表明，改性木质素可以与功能微生物有效结合，所提出的生物复合材料是细胞保护的有效方法。此外，结果表明，通过固定化改性木质素，功能微生物保持了较高的生物活性，比CK高34.3%~41.0%。此外，与CK相比，该技术可使土壤全氮含量和速效磷含量分别提高70.8%和64.4%。因此，它最终可以提高小麦生长指数和生物量。已完成的研究为有效固定微生物和利用具有重大经济意义的废弃木质素开辟了新的视角。