Salinity and temperature influence growth, survival, and reproduction of crustacean species such as Penaeus vannamei where Na ⁺/K⁺-ATPase plays a key role in maintaining osmotic homeostasis in different salinity conditions. This ability is suggested to be mediated by other proteins including neuropeptides such as the crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHHs), and heat shock proteins (HSPs). The mRNA expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, HSP60, HSP70, CHH-A, and CHH-B1, was analyzed by qPCR in shrimp acclimated to different salinities (10, 26, and 40 PSU) and temperature conditions (20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C) to evaluate their uses as molecular stress biomarkers. The results showed that the hemolymph osmoregulatory capacity in shrimp changed with exposure to the different salinities. From 26 to 32 °C the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase expression increased significantly at 10 PSU relative to shrimp acclimated at 26 PSU and at 20 °C increased at similar values independently of salinity. The highest HSP expression levels were obtained by HSP70 at 20 °C, suggesting a role in protecting proteins such as Na⁺/K⁺ -ATPase under low-temperature and salinity conditions. CHH-A was not expressed in the gill under any condition, but CHH-B1 showed the highest expression at the lowest temperatures and salinities, suggesting its participation in the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase induction. Since Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, HSPs, and CHHs seem to participate in maintaining the osmo-ionic balance and homeostasis in P. vannamei, their expression levels may be used as a stress biomarkers to monitor marine crustacean health status when acclimated in low salinity and temperature conditions.

盐度和温度影响甲壳类动物（例如南美白对虾）的生长、生存和繁殖，其中 Na ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATP 酶在不同盐度条件下维持渗透稳态方面发挥着关键作用。这种能力被认为是由其他蛋白质介导的，包括神经肽，例如甲壳动物高血糖激素（CHH）和热休克蛋白（HSP）。通过qPCR分析了适应不同^盐度（10、26 和 40 PSU）和温度条件（²⁰、23、26、29 和 32 °C）来评估它们作为分子应激生物标志物的用途。结果表明，虾的血淋巴渗透压调节能力随着暴露于不同盐度而变化。从 26°C 到 32°C，相对于在 26 PSU 和 20°C 下适应的虾，Na ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATPase 表达在 10 PSU 下显着增加，而与盐度无关。HSP70 在 20 °C 时获得最高的 HSP 表达水平，表明在低温和盐度条件下具有保护 Na ⁺ /K ^{+ -ATPase 等蛋白质的作用。}在任何条件下CHH-A在鳃中均不表达，但CHH-B1在最低温度和盐度下表达最高，表明其参与了Na ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATPase诱导。由于 Na ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATPase、HSP 和 CHH 似乎参与维持南美白对虾的渗透离子平衡和稳态，因此它们的表达水平可用作应激生物标志物，以监测适应低环境的海洋甲壳类动物的健康状况。盐度和温度条件。