This article stems from a project aiming to investigate women's unemployment in the phase of deindustrialization that affected Western European countries from the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. Countries such as Italy and France, with both a strong working-class movement and a vibrant feminist movement, have had to face economic crises since the mid-seventies and from the eighties have witnessed how neoliberal capitalism started to heavily reshape the global labor market. The old stereotype of female salary as ‘pin money’ within the household budget was again publicly put forth. How did women experience unemployment? What did it mean in terms of their social status, economic independence, sense of self, relationship to the home? To answer these questions and to understand the reconfiguration of class and gender identities, I focus on two milestone cases of labour struggles that are recognized as turning points in the history of the affirmation of neoliberal dynamics: the crisis of FIAT in Italy and of LIP in France. Despite their being at the center of many academic investigations as fundamental sites of resistance, their outcomes in terms of unemployment and particularly the gender dimension of this phenomenon have been largely overlooked so far. I will delineate a comparison between the two cases by drawing on my past research about trade union feminism in the two countries, on archival sources, published accounts and oral histories of two key activists in these struggles. Key factors that will be analysed are: women's participation in the collective mobilisations in the face of unemployment, their relation to the domestic sphere and to care work, their ability to build female networks within their wounded communities.

本文源于一个旨在调查 1973 年石油危机后影响西欧国家的去工业化阶段妇女失业情况的项目。意大利和法国等国家，既有强大的工人阶级运动，又有充满活力的女权运动，自七十年代中期以来就不得不面对经济危机，从八十年代开始，见证了新自由主义资本主义如何开始严重重塑全球劳动力市场。将女性工资视为家庭预算中的“零用钱”的旧刻板印象再次被公开提出。女性如何经历失业？这对他们的社会地位、经济独立、自我意识、与家庭的关系意味着什么？为了回答这些问题并理解阶级和性别身份的重新配置，我重点关注两个里程碑式的劳工斗争案例，这两个案例被认为是新自由主义动态确认历史上的转折点：意大利的 FIAT 危机和意大利的 LIP 危机。法国。尽管它们作为抵抗的基本场所而处于许多学术调查的中心，但迄今为止，它们在失业方面的结果，特别是这一现象的性别层面，在很大程度上被忽视了。我将利用我过去对两国工会女权主义的研究，以及这些斗争中两位关键活动家的档案来源、公开报道和口述历史，对这两个案例进行比较。将分析的关键因素包括：妇女在面临失业时参与集体动员、她们与家庭领域和护理工作的关系、她们在受伤社区内建立女性网络的能力。