The 30 commentators are largely sympathetic to the account I develop for the origins of peace in humans, though many suggest that peace has deeper roots and that humans share characteristics of peace with other species. Multiple commentators propose how to extend my framework or focus on the cognitive and psychological prerequisites for peace. In my reply, I discuss these considerations and further my account of why I think peace as defined here was unlikely prior to behavioral modernity which emerged approximately 100,000 years ago. In general, there seems to be a consensus that moving the debate beyond “war versus peace” in human evolution and instead focusing on the conditions that enable war or peace is a fruitful direction for the field to take.

这 30 名评论员基本上都赞同我对人类和平起源的阐述，尽管许多人认为和平有更深层次的根源，而且人类与其他物种有共同的和平特征。多位评论员提出了如何扩展我的框架或关注和平的认知和心理先决条件。在我的回复中，我讨论了这些考虑因素，并进一步解释了为什么我认为这里定义的和平在大约 10 万年前出现的行为现代性之前是不可能的。总的来说，似乎有一个共识：将人类进化中的争论超越“战争与和平”，转而关注促成战争或和平的条件，是该领域的一个富有成果的方向。