Laser-driven microresonators have enabled chip-integrated light sources with unique properties, including the self-organized formation of ultrashort soliton pulses and frequency combs (microcombs). While poised to impact major photonic applications such as spectroscopy, sensing and optical data processing, microcombs still necessitate complex scientific equipment to achieve and maintain suitable single-pulse operation. Here to address this challenge, we demonstrate microresonators with programmable synthetic reflection providing tailored injection feedback to the driving laser. Synthetic reflection achieves independence from random sample scattering properties and, when designed appropriately, enables deterministic access to self-injection-locked microcombs operating exclusively in the single-soliton regime. These results provide a route to easily operable microcombs at scale for portable sensors, autonomous navigation or extreme-bandwidth data processing. The novel concept of synthetic reflection may also be generalized to other integrated photonic systems.

激光驱动的微谐振器使芯片集成光源具有独特的性能，包括超短孤子脉冲和频率梳（微梳）的自组织形成。虽然微梳有望影响光谱学、传感和光学数据处理等主要光子应用，但它仍然需要复杂的科学设备来实现和维持合适的单脉冲操作。为了应对这一挑战，我们展示了具有可编程合成反射的微谐振器，为驱动激光器提供定制的注入反馈。合成反射实现了与随机样本散射特性的独立性，并且当设计得当时，可以确定性地访问仅在单孤子状态下运行的自注入锁定微梳。这些结果为便携式传感器、自主导航或极端带宽数据处理提供了一种易于大规模操作的微梳的途径。合成反射的新概念也可以推广到其他集成光子系统。