Utilizing agricultural wastes (e.g., straw, bagasse, manure) as amendments to remediate saline-sodic soils can be beneficial for improving soil quality and better waste management. In this study, we investigated the impact of raw and pyrolyzed feedstocks on salt leaching potential and physical and chemical properties in a saline-sodic silt loam soil. Utilizing a column experiment within a completely randomized design, we evaluated five feedstock combinations (i.e., rice husk, pine wood, cow manure, sugarcane bagasse) as amendments (69 Mg ha^–1), including variations of raw feedstock and feedstock pyrolyzed at 300 and 500 °C, alongside a control (CT). For both the amended soil and the leachate, we measured electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), pH and cations. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_S) and bulk density (BD) were also measured. The BWR treatment (i.e., sugarcane bagasse, pine wood, and rice husk) exhibited notable improvements in soil physical quality (i.e., decreased BD and enhanced K_S). Raw feedstock significantly (p < 0.01) increased soil leachate EC SAR, except for WM (i.e., pine wood and cow manure). The BWR treatments expedited the reduction of soil salinity and sodicity, evident in lower SAR/SAR_max and EC/EC_max ratios, indicative of increased leaching potential. The amendments consistently demonstrated a trend of reducing soil SAR compared to the control, with raw feedstock exhibiting a more pronounced effect. Soil EC_e decreased after amending with feedstock pyrolyzed at 500 °C compared to raw feedstock and pyrolyzed at 300 °C. Feedstock pyrolyzed at 300 °C did not significantly alter soil pH after leaching, and there was a decrease in the soil Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, especially with pyrolyzed feedstock. After leaching, the pyrolyzed feedstock treatments showed better soil aggregate stability (Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺<1) compared to raw feedstock. Based on the aggregated amelioration score for each amendment combination, BWR treatments consistently outperformed other combinations, with BWR300 being the most favorable option due to its lower production cost compared to BWR500. This study highlights BWR pyrolyzed at 300 °C as a suitable amendment for improving soil conditions, reducing salinity and sodicity, and increasing leaching potential.

利用农业废物（例如秸秆、甘蔗渣、粪肥）作为修复盐碱土的改良剂，有利于改善土壤质量和更好的废物管理。在这项研究中，我们研究了原始原料和热解原料对盐碱粉砂壤土中盐浸出潜力和物理和化学性质的影响。利用完全随机设计中的柱实验，我们评估了五种原料组合（即稻壳、松木、牛粪、甘蔗渣）作为修正（69 Mg ha ^–1），包括原始原料和在 300 ℃热解的原料的变化。和 500 °C，以及对照 (CT)。对于修正后的土壤和渗滤液，我们测量了电导率 (EC)、钠吸附比 (SAR)、pH 值和阳离子。还测量了土壤饱和水力传导率（K _{S ）和堆积密度（BD）。}BWR处理（即甘蔗渣、松木和稻壳）显着改善了土壤物理质量（即降低了BD并提高了K _S）。除WM（即松木和牛粪）外，原料显着（p < 0.01）增加土壤渗滤液EC SAR。_{沸水堆处理加速了土壤盐度和碱度的降低，SAR/SAR max}和 EC/EC _max比率较低，表明淋滤潜力增加。与对照相比，这些修正始终表现出降低土壤SAR的趋势，其中原料表现出更明显的效果。与原料和 300 °C 热解相比，用 500 °C 热解原料修正后土壤 EC _e降低。^{在 300 °C 下热解的原料在淋洗后并未显着改变土壤 pH 值，并且土壤 Na +} /K ⁺比值有所下降，特别是热解原料。浸出后，与原始原料相比，热解原料处理显示出更好的土壤团聚稳定性（Mg ²⁺ /Ca ^{2+ <1）。}根据每种改良组合的综合改善评分，BWR 处理始终优于其他组合，其中 BWR300 是最有利的选择，因为与 BWR500 相比，其生产成本较低。这项研究强调，在 300 °C 下热解的沸水堆是一种合适的改良剂，可改善土壤条件、降低盐度和碱度以及增加浸出潜力。