The muscle is the principal tissue that is capable to transform potential energy into kinetic energy. This process is due to the transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy to enhance the movements and all the daily activities. However, muscular tissues can be affected by some pathologies associated with genetic alterations that affect the expression of proteins. As the muscle is a highly organized structure in which most of the signaling pathways and proteins are related to one another, pathologies may overlap. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most severe muscle pathologies triggering degeneration and muscle necrosis. Several mathematical models have been developed to predict muscle response to different scenarios and pathologies. The aim of this review is to describe DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy in terms of cellular behavior and molecular disorders and to present an overview of the computational models implemented to understand muscle behavior with the aim of improving regenerative therapy.

中文翻译：

---

杜氏肌营养不良症和贝克尔肌营养不良症：细胞机制、图像分析和计算模型：综述

肌肉是能够将势能转化为动能的主要组织。这个过程是由于化学能转化为机械能，以增强运动和所有日常活动。然而，肌肉组织可能会受到一些与影响蛋白质表达的基因改变相关的病理学的影响。由于肌肉是一种高度组织化的结构，其中大多数信号传导途径和蛋白质彼此相关，因此病理学可能会重叠。杜氏肌营养不良症 (DMD) 是最严重的肌肉病理之一，会引发退化和肌肉坏死。已经开发了几种数学模型来预测肌肉对不同情况和病理的反应。本综述的目的是从细胞行为和分子紊乱的角度描述 DMD 和贝克尔肌营养不良症，并概述为了解肌肉行为而实施的计算模型，以改善再生治疗。