The present study aimed to investigate the spontaneous dynamics of large-scale brain networks underlying mindfulness as a dispositional trait, through resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) microstates analysis. Eighteen participants had attended a standardized mindfulness-based stress reduction training (MBSR), and 18 matched waitlist individuals (CTRL) were recorded at rest while they were passively exposed to auditory stimuli. Participants' mindfulness traits were assessed with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). To further explore the relationship between microstate dynamics at rest and mindfulness traits, participants were also asked to rate their experience according to five phenomenal dimensions. After training, MBSR participants showed a highly significant increase in FFMQ score, as well as higher observing and non-reactivity FFMQ sub-scores than CTRL participants. Microstate analysis revealed four classes of microstates (A–D) in global clustering across all subjects. The MBSR group showed lower duration, occurrence and coverage of microstate C than the control group. Moreover, these microstate C parameters were negatively correlated to non-reactivity sub-scores of FFMQ across participants, whereas the microstate A occurrence was negatively correlated to FFMQ total score. Further analysis of participants' self-reports suggested that MBSR participants showed a better sensory-affective integration of auditory interferences. In line with previous studies, our results suggest that temporal dynamics of microstate C underlie specifically the non-reactivity trait of mindfulness. These findings encourage further research into microstates in the evaluation and monitoring of the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on the mental health and well-being of individuals.

中文翻译：

---

脑电图微观状态突出了特定的正念特征

本研究旨在通过静息态脑电图（EEG）微状态分析，研究正念作为一种性格特征的大规模大脑网络的自发动态。 18 名参与者参加了标准化的基于正念的减压训练 (MBSR)，并记录了 18 名匹配的候补名单个体 (CTRL) 在休息时被动暴露于听觉刺激的情况。参与者的正念特质通过五方面正念问卷（FFMQ）进行评估。为了进一步探索休息时的微观状态动态与正念特征之间的关系，参与者还被要求根据五个现象维度对他们的体验进行评分。训练后，与 CTRL 参与者相比，MBSR 参与者的 FFMQ 分数显着提高，并且观察和非反应性 FFMQ 子分数更高。微观状态分析揭示了所有受试者的全局聚类中的四类微观状态（A-D）。 MBSR 组的微状态 C 持续时间、发生率和覆盖率均低于对照组。此外，这些微状态 C 参数与参与者的 FFMQ 非反应性子分数呈负相关，而微状态 A 的出现与 FFMQ 总分呈负相关。对参与者自我报告的进一步分析表明，MBSR 参与者表现出更好的听觉干扰的感觉情感整合能力。与之前的研究一致，我们的结果表明，微观状态 C 的时间动态是正念非反应性特征的基础。这些发现鼓励进一步研究微观状态，以评估和监测基于正念的干预措施对个人心理健康和福祉的影响。