As integral components of the immune microenvironment, tissue resident macrophages (TRMs) represent a self-renewing and long-lived cell population that plays crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis, promoting tissue remodeling after damage, defending against inflammation and even orchestrating cancer progression. However, the exact functions and roles of TRMs in cancer are not yet well understood. TRMs exhibit either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic effects by engaging in phagocytosis and secreting diverse cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to modulate the adaptive immune system. The life-span, turnover kinetics and monocyte replenishment of TRMs vary among different organs, adding to the complexity and controversial findings in TRMs studies. Considering the complexity of tissue associated macrophage origin, macrophages targeting strategy of each ontogeny should be carefully evaluated. Consequently, acquiring a comprehensive understanding of TRMs' origin, function, homeostasis, characteristics, and their roles in cancer for each specific organ holds significant research value. In this review, we aim to provide an outline of homeostasis and characteristics of resident macrophages in the lung, liver, brain, skin and intestinal, as well as their roles in modulating primary and metastatic cancer, which may inform and serve the future design of targeted therapies.

中文翻译：

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组织驻留巨噬细胞在健康和癌症中的作用

作为免疫微环境的组成部分，组织驻留巨噬细胞（TRM）代表着自我更新和长寿的细胞群，在维持体内平衡、促进损伤后组织重塑、防御炎症甚至协调癌症进展方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，TRM 在癌症中的确切功能和作用尚不清楚。TRM 通过参与吞噬作用并分泌多种细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子来调节适应性免疫系统，从而表现出促肿瘤发生或抗肿瘤发生作用。不同器官之间 TRM 的寿命、周转动力学和单核细胞补充情况各不相同，这增加了 TRM 研究的复杂性和争议性结果。考虑到组织相关巨噬细胞起源的复杂性，应仔细评估每个个体发育的巨噬细胞靶向策略。因此，全面了解 TRM 的起源、功能、稳态、特征及其在每个特定器官的癌症中的作用具有重要的研究价值。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是概述肺、肝、脑、皮肤和肠道中常驻巨噬细胞的稳态和特征，以及它们在调节原发性和转移性癌症中的作用，这可能为未来的设计提供信息和服务。靶向治疗。