Abstract

Purpose

Sleep apnoea (SA) is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Treatment of SA by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may slow this decline if patients comply with the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of CPAP compliance in this population.

Methods

In this single-centre retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care institution, patients with a diagnosis of MCI and SA initiating CPAP between January 2015 and August 2021 were included. Data from the initial sleep recording, the 3-month follow-up and compliance with at least 12 months of CPAP were analysed. Compliance was defined as an average CPAP use of at least 4 h per night.

Results

55 patients were included (49% women, age 70.7 ± 8.9 years, body mass index 28.9 ± 6.5 kg/m²). Aetiology of MCI was vascular (45.5%), psychiatric (12.7%) and related to Alzheimer’s disease (7.3%), with 47.3% of amnesic disorders and 45.5% of dysexecutive disorders. The MiniMentalState score was 26.7 ± 3.1. SA was mostly obstructive (81.8%) with a mean apnoea-hypopnoea index of 41.1 ± 16.4/h. At 3 months, 38 patients were compliant (69%) with a CPAP median use of 5.9 h per night and 83% of nights. Self-reported tolerance was better in compliant patients (75.7% vs 38.5% p = 0.017). Thirty-four patients remained compliant at 12 months (62%).

Conclusion

Our results suggest a high rate of CPAP compliance in patients suffering from MCI. Compliance was related to the device tolerance, emphasizing the need to closely monitor and improve this factor.

中文翻译：

---

轻度认知障碍患者持续气道正压通气依从性

摘要

目的

睡眠呼吸暂停（SA）与轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者的认知能力加速下降有关。如果患者配合治疗，通过持续气道正压通气 (CPAP) 治疗 SA 可能会减缓这种下降。本研究的目的是评估该人群的 CPAP 依从率。

方法

这项在三级医疗机构进行的单中心回顾性研究纳入了 2015 年 1 月至 2021 年 8 月期间诊断为 MCI 和 SA 并开始 CPAP 的患者。分析了初始睡眠记录、3 个月随访以及至少 12 个月 CPAP 治疗依从性的数据。依从性定义为每晚平均使用 CPAP 至少 4 小时。

结果

纳入 55 名患者（49% 为女性，年龄 70.7 ± 8.9 岁，体重指数 28.9 ± 6.5 kg/m ²）。MCI 的病因包括血管性（45.5%）、精神性（12.7%）和阿尔茨海默病（7.3%），其中 47.3% 为遗忘症，45.5% 为执行障碍。MiniMentalState 得分为 26.7 ± 3.1。SA 大部分为阻塞性 (81.8%)，平均呼吸暂停低通气指数为 41.1 ± 16.4/h。3 个月时，38 名患者 (69%) 遵守 CPAP 中位使用时间为每晚 5.9 小时，其中 83% 的夜晚符合要求。依从性患者的自我报告耐受性更好（75.7% vs 38.5% p  = 0.017）。34 名患者在 12 个月时仍保持依从性（62%）。

结论

我们的结果表明，患有 MCI 的患者对 CPAP 的依从率很高。合规性与设备容差相关，强调需要密切监控和改进这一因素。