Abstract

Global climatic changes in recent decades cause changes in the dynamics of mountain geosystems. Of interest is the response of nival-glacial inland geosystems, which is different from those in the pre-Oceanic regions. In 2013, the authors substantiated the expediency of separating the nival-glacial mountain range geosystems within the Baikal Rift Zone and Mongolian Altai into a meridional research transect, within which it is possible to establish latitudinal patterns of modern intracontinental glacier functioning. Over the past decade of ongoing studies of glacial forms within the transect, many new data have been collected and analyzed. The present article based on systematic generalizations of these materials.

The analysis of the state of mountain glaciation in the south of Eastern Siberia and Mongolia in the last decades has revealed a number of peculiarities. The deglaciation that began in the 1970s–1980s continues in all the mountain systems under consideration. It is a reaction to global climatic changes. The greatest reduction is experienced by the near-slope glaciers and flattop glaciers and to a lesser extent by the cirque ice glaciers. They have a significant volume loss due to thinning, while changes in the area of such glaciers are less significant. This is the main difference between the intracontinental glaciers and the preoceanic glaciers. In general, many nival-glacial geosystems of transitional forms are formed.

Quantitative characteristics are based on the calculation of the volume of the East Sayan glaciers measured by geophysical radar. Thus, over 120 years, the Peretolchina (northern) Glacier has decreased in length by a factor of 1.75, in area by a factor of 2.9, and in volume by a factor of 3.71. During the same period, the area of the neighboring Radde Glacier decreased from 0.43 to 0.09 km²; its thickness by 30 m; and, accordingly, its volume by 3 times. The warming of air temperature for Western Mongolia is 0.03–0.29°C/10 years and, for the Baikal region, 0.2–0.5°C/10 years. Warming of air temperatures in the ridges of the Mongolian Altai is noted up to 48° N, and southward the trend is unstable.

中文翻译：

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蒙古阿尔泰山和贝加尔裂谷带内陆山区的当前冰川作用

摘要

近几十年来的全球气候变化引起了山区地球系统动力学的变化。令人感兴趣的是冰雪冰川内陆地球系统的响应，这与前海洋地区的响应不同。2013年，作者证实了将贝加尔裂谷带和蒙古阿尔泰山内的雪冰川山脉地质系统划分为经向研究横断面的权宜之计，在该横断面内可以建立现代大陆内冰川功能的纬度模式。在过去十年对样带内冰川形态的持续研究中，收集和分析了许多新数据。本文基于对这些材料的系统概括。

过去几十年来，对东西伯利亚南部和蒙古山地冰川状态的分析揭示了许多特点。20 世纪 70 年代至 80 年代开始的冰川消融在所有考虑的山区系统中仍在继续。这是对全球气候变化的反应。近坡冰川和平顶冰川的减少幅度最大，冰斗冰冰川的减少幅度较小。由于变薄，它们的体积损失显着，而此类冰川面积的变化则不太显着。这是陆内冰川和洋前冰川之间的主要区别。一般来说，形成了许多过渡形式的雪崩-冰川地质系统。

定量特征基于地球物理雷达测量的东萨彦冰川体积的计算。因此，120 年来，Peretolchina（北部）冰川的长度减少了 1.75 倍，面积减少了 2.9 倍，体积减少了 3.71 倍。同一时期，邻近的拉德冰川面积从0.43 km 2 减少至0.09 km ²；其厚度增加30 m；因此，其体积增加了 3 倍。蒙古西部气温升高0.03-0.29°C/10年，贝加尔湖地区气温升高0.2-0.5°C/10年。蒙古阿尔泰山脊气温升高至北纬 48°，向南趋势不稳定。