With the importance of nursing leadership roles, there is a need for a more integrated approach to nursing leadership that can adapt quickly to many challenges in today's healthcare environments. In recent years, integral leadership that can apply a more holistic and inclusive approach to leadership has gained growing attention in other disciplines. However, research on integral leadership in nursing is sparse since no instrument specifically measuring integral leadership in nursing contexts is available. The study aimed to develop an integral nursing leadership scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. The scale was developed in two phases. In the first phase, items were generated to reflect the attributes of integral leadership in the nursing context. These attributes were identified through a conceptualization process using a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The process was based on the four dimensions of the integral leadership framework, adopting Wilber's four quadrants of integral theory. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale, including content validity, structural validity, and internal consistency reliability, were evaluated. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 806 Korean nurses and were analyzed using both exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, using two separate random halves of the sample. The newly developed scale consisted of 30 items across four dimensions: individual leadership qualities, individual performance, influencing organizational culture, and organizational excellence. Content validity for the 30 items was calculated to be 0.84 for item-level content validity and 0.96 for the scale's content validity averaging method, indicating adequate content validity. The four-factor structure of integral nursing leadership was cross-validated by exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency reliability was also found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.97 and a McDonald's ω estimate of 0.98. Findings demonstrate that the Integral Nursing Leadership Scale has acceptable content validity, structural validity, and reliability in measuring integral leadership, specifically in the context of nursing. More research is needed to further refine and establish strong validity of the scale.

中文翻译：

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护理中的整体领导力：韩国版整体护理领导力量表的开发和心理测量验证

鉴于护理领导角色的重要性，需要一种更加综合的护理领导方法，能够快速适应当今医疗保健环境中的许多挑战。近年来，能够应用更全面和更具包容性的领导方法的整体领导力在其他学科中得到了越来越多的关注。然而，由于没有专门衡量护理环境中整体领导力的工具，因此对护理整体领导力的研究很少。该研究旨在开发一个完整的护理领导力量表并评估其心理测量特性。该量表分两个阶段开发。在第一阶段，生成的项目反映了护理环境中整体领导力的属性。这些属性是通过文献综述和半结构化访谈的概念化过程来确定的。该过程基于整体领导框架的四个维度，采用威尔伯的整体理论的四个象限。然后，评估量表的心理测量特性，包括内容效度、结构效度和内部一致性信度。数据是从 806 名韩国护士的便利样本中收集的，并使用样本的两个独立的随机半部分，使用探索性因素分析和二阶验证性因素分析进行​​分析。新制定的量表包括四个维度的 30 个项目：个人领导素质、个人绩效、影响组织文化和组织卓越性。计算出30个项目的内容效度，项目级内容效度为0.84，量表内容效度平均法为0.96，表明内容效度足够。通过探索性因素分析和二阶验证性因素分析交叉验证了整体护理领导力的四因素结构。内部一致性可靠性也被认为是可接受的，如 0.97 的 Cronbach's alpha 和 0.98 的 McDonald's ω 估计值所示。研究结果表明，整体护理领导力量表在衡量整体领导力（特别是在护理方面）方面具有可接受的内容效度、结构效度和可靠性。需要更多的研究来进一步完善和建立量表的强大有效性。