It has long been suggested that a bidirectional impact exists between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis may affect diabetes glycemic control, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Diabetes can worsen periodontitis by delaying wound healing and increasing the chance of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles of membrane-enclosed spherical structure secreted by eukaryotes and prokaryotes and play a key role in a variety of diseases. This review will introduce the biogenesis, release, and biological function of EVs from a microbial and host cell perspective, discuss the functional properties of EVs in the development of periodontitis and diabetes, and explore their role in the pathogenesis and clinical application of these two diseases. Their clinical implication and diagnostic value are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡——牙周病与糖尿病并发症之间的潜在联系

长期以来，人们一直认为牙周炎和糖尿病之间存在双向影响。牙周炎可能影响糖尿病的血糖控制、胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病并发症。糖尿病会延迟伤口愈合并增加感染机会，从而加重牙周炎。细胞外囊泡（EV）是真核生物和原核生物分泌的膜封闭球形结构的异质颗粒，在多种疾病中发挥着关键作用。本综述将从微生物和宿主细胞的角度介绍EV的生物发生、释放和生物学功能，讨论EV在牙周炎和糖尿病发生发展中的功能特性，并探讨其在这两种疾病的发病机制和临床应用中的作用。 。还讨论了它们的临床意义和诊断价值。