This study was conducted to investigate weed infestations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields in the region of Tarim River. Forty-nine species among 17 families were identified in these cotton fields, and 24 of them were annuals. The eight dominant weed species in the cotton fields of Tarim River basin included Chenopodium glaucum, Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Bolboschoenus planiculmis, Sonchus arvensis, Phragmites australis, and Mulgedium tataricum. The number of weed species in the Aksu River tributary area, Yeerqiang River tributary area, and the upper and lower reaches of the Tarim River reached 29, 36, 35, and 33, respectively. Twenty species were found widely distributed among each basin. The dominant weeds in the cotton fields in the Aksu River basin and upper reaches of the Tarim River were S. nigrum and C. glaucum, those in the cotton fields in the Yarkand River basin included C. album and C. hybridum, and those in the cotton fields in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were C. glaucum and C. album. Notably the 20 common surveyed species of C. glaucum, S. nigrum, C. album, C. hybridum, B. planiculmis, S. arvensis, P. australis, M. tataricum, and others, could pose a serious challenge to regional crop production if not adequately controlled. As such, each cotton field should adopt a suitable weeding scheme with strengthened weed monitoring according to the local conditions, especially the weed distribution area characteristics.

中文翻译：

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南疆塔里木河流域棉田杂草调查

本研究旨在调查塔里木河流域棉田杂草侵染情况。棉田共鉴定出17科49种，其中一年生植物24种。塔里木河流域棉田8种优势杂草为灰白藜、龙葵、白藜、大花藜、大花藜、桑葚、芦苇、鞑靼。阿克苏河支流区、叶尔羌河支流区、塔里木河上下游杂草种类数量分别达到29种、36种、35种和33种。发现20种广泛分布于每个盆地。阿克苏河流域和塔里木河上游棉田的优势杂草为黑龙江和青花，叶尔羌河流域棉田的优势杂草为白花和大花，塔里木河下游棉田主要有白棉和白棉。值得注意的是， C. glaucum、S. nigrum、C. album、C.hybridum、B. planiculmis、S. arvensis、P. australis、M. tataricum等20 种常见调查物种可能对区域作物构成严重挑战如果没有充分控制生产。因此，各棉田应因地制宜，特别是杂草分布区域特点，采取适合的除草方案，加强杂草监测。