Objective To assess the long-term neurodevelopmental impact of doxapram for treating apnoea of prematurity. Design Secondary analysis of the French national cohort study EPIPAGE-2. Recruitment took place in 2011. A standardised neurodevelopmental assessment was performed at age 5–6 years. A 2:1 propensity score matching was used to control for the non-randomised assignment of doxapram treatment. Setting Population-based cohort study. Patients All children born before 32 weeks’ gestation alive at age 5–6 years. Interventions Blind and standardised assessment by trained neuropsychologists and paediatricians at age 5–6 years. Main outcome measures Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5–6 years assessed by trained paediatricians and neuropsychologists: cerebral palsy, developmental coordination disorders, IQ and behavioural difficulties. A composite criterion for overall neurodevelopmental disabilities was built. Results The population consisted of 2950 children; 275 (8.6%) received doxapram. Median (IQR) gestational age was 29.4 (27.6–30.9) weeks. At age 5–6 years, complete neurodevelopmental assessment was available for 60.3% (1780 of 2950) of children and partial assessment for 10.6% (314 of 2950). In the initial sample, children receiving doxapram had evidence of greater clinical severity than those not treated. Doxapram treatment was associated with overall neurodevelopmental disabilities of any severity (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.92, p=0.02). Eight hundred and twenty-one children were included in the 2:1 matched sample. In this sample, perinatal characteristics of both groups were similar and doxapram treatment was not associated with overall neurodevelopmental disabilities (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.57, p=0.63). Conclusions In children born before 32 weeks’ gestation, doxapram treatment for apnoea of prematurity was not associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Data are available upon reasonable request. The study protocol, the data access charter and the data access procedure can be found on the EPIPAGE-2 website (). Questionnaires and data catalogues are available on .

中文翻译：

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多沙普仑治疗早产儿呼吸暂停和 5-6 岁神经发育结局

目的评估多沙普仑治疗早产儿呼吸暂停对神经发育的长期影响。设计法国国家队列研究 EPIPAGE-2 的二次分析。招募于 2011 年进行。在 5-6 岁时进行了标准化神经发育评估。使用 2:1 倾向评分匹配来控制多沙普仑治疗的非随机分配。设置基于人群的队列研究。患者 所有妊娠 32 周前出生的儿童均在 5-6 岁时存活。干预措施 由训练有素的神经心理学家和儿科医生在 5-6 岁时进行盲法和标准化评估。主要结果测量由训练有素的儿科医生和神经心理学家评估的 5-6 岁时的神经发育结果：脑瘫、发育协调障碍、智商和行为困难。建立了整体神经发育障碍的综合标准。结果 人口包括 2950 名儿童；275 人 (8.6%) 接受了多沙普仑治疗。中位胎龄 (IQR) 为 29.4 (27.6–30.9) 周。在 5-6 岁时，60.3%（2950 名儿童中的 1780 名）接受了完整的神经发育评估，10.6%（2950 名儿童中的 314 名）接受了部分评估。在最初的样本中，接受多沙普仑治疗的儿童比未治疗的儿童有更严重的临床症状。多沙普仑治疗与任何严重程度的整体神经发育障碍相关（OR 1.43，95% CI 1.07 至 1.92，p=0.02）。821 名儿童被纳入 2:1 匹配样本中。在该样本中，两组的围产期特征相似，多沙普仑治疗与整体神经发育障碍无关（OR 1.09，95% CI 0.76 至 1.57，p=0.63）。结论 在妊娠 32 周之前出生的儿童中，多沙普仑治疗早产儿呼吸暂停与神经发育障碍无关。数据可根据合理要求提供。研究方案、数据访问章程和数据访问程序可以在 EPIPAGE-2 网站上找到（）。调查问卷和数据目录可在。