Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is the reference standard for evaluating lymphedema stage and identifying lymphatic vessels. However, the penetration depth was limited to 1–2 cm from the skin surface. This prospective study compares clinical outcomes following lymphaticovenous anastomoses (LVA) in patients with upper and lower limb lymphedema using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with ICG as a preoperative imaging modality.

中文翻译：

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超声造影作为 ICG 淋巴造影的辅助方法用于功能性淋巴静脉吻合术

吲哚菁绿（ICG）淋巴造影是评估淋巴水肿分期和识别淋巴管的参考标准。然而，穿透深度仅限于距离皮肤表面1-2厘米。这项前瞻性研究使用对比增强超声检查 (CEUS) 和 ICG 作为术前成像方式，比较了上肢和下肢淋巴水肿患者淋巴静脉吻合 (LVA) 后的临床结果。