Rejecting nature-culture dualism, contemporary anthropology recognises the mutually constitutive processes that create shared human and non-human lifeworlds. Such recognition owes much to ethnographic engagement with diverse indigenous cosmologies many of which have, for millennia, upheld ideas about indivisible worlds in which all living kinds occupy a shared ontological space and non-human species and environments are approached respectfully, with expectations of reciprocity and partnership. As many societies confront the global chaos caused by the anthropocentric prioritisation of human interests, anthropologists and indigenous communities are therefore well placed to articulate alternative models in which the non-human domain is dealt with more equitably and inclusively. This paper is located comparatively in long-term ethnographic research with indigenous communities in Australia, alongside the Mitchell River in North Queensland and the Brisbane River in South Queensland. It draws more specifically on involvement in legal claims for water rights by Māori iwis in New Zealand; in land claims by the Kunjen language group in Cape York; and in a recent ‘sea country’ case brought against a major multi-national by the Tiwi Islanders in Australia's Northern Territory. It also makes use of a major comparative study of water beings in diverse cultural and historical contexts, and considers the central importance of water beings such as Māori taniwha and the Australian Rainbow Serpent in such legal conflicts, and in broader debates about human and non-human rights. Like other water deities around the world, these beings personify the generative (and potentially punitive) powers of water and its co-creative role in shaping human and non-human lives. They are resurfacing today with an important representational role in contemporary conflicts over land and water.

中文翻译：

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掀起波澜：土著水生物在人权和非人权辩论中的作用

当代人类学拒绝自然与文化二元论，承认创造共享的人类和非人类生活世界的相互构成过程。这种认识很大程度上归功于民族志对不同本土宇宙论的参与，其中许多人几千年来一直坚持不可分割的世界的观念，在这个世界中，所有生物都占据着共同的本体论空间，非人类物种和环境受到尊重，并期望互惠互利。合伙。由于许多社会面临着以人类为中心的人类利益优先顺序所造成的全球混乱，因此人类学家和土著社区有能力阐明替代模式，在这些模式中，非人类领域得到更公平和包容的处理。本文主要针对澳大利亚土著社区进行的长期民族志研究，北昆士兰的米切尔河和南昆士兰的布里斯班河沿岸。它更具体地涉及新西兰毛利毛利人对水权的法律主张；约克角 Kunjen 语言群体的土地主张；最近，澳大利亚北领地的提维岛民对一家大型跨国公司提起了“海洋国家”案件。它还利用了对不同文化和历史背景下的水生物的主要比较研究，并考虑了毛利塔尼瓦和澳大利亚彩虹蛇等水生物在此类法律冲突以及关于人类和非生物的更广泛辩论中的核心重要性。人权。与世界各地的其他水神一样，这些生物体现了水的繁殖（和潜在的惩罚）力量及其在塑造人类和非人类生活中的共同创造作用。今天，他们重新出现，在当代土地和水冲突中发挥着重要的代表作用。