Driving style has been proposed to be a critical factor in automated driving. However, the role of driving style in the process of taking over during automated driving needs further investigation. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of driving style on takeover performance under the influence of warning system factors. In addition, this study also explored whether the impact of driving style on reaction time varies over time and the role of driving style on a comprehensive takeover quality indicator. Two driving simulation experiments with different takeover request (TOR) designs were conducted. In experiment 1, content warning information was provided in the TOR with different warning stage designs; in experiment 2, countdown warning information was provided in the TOR with different warning stage designs. Sixty-four participants (32 for experiment 1 and 32 for experiment 2) were classified into two groups based on their driving style (i.e., aggressive, or defensive) using the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (the brief MDSI-C). The results suggested that drivers’ driving style had significant effects on takeover performance, but the effects were influenced by warning system designs. Specifically, defensive participants performed better takeover performance, i.e., shorter reaction time and cautious vehicle control behaviors, than aggressive participants in most warning conditions. The content and countdown warning information and warning stage design affected the roles of driving style on takeover performance: 1) compared to the one-stage warning design, the two-stage warning design significantly shortened the reaction time of the participants with different driving styles, 2) compared to the countdown warning information design, the design of content warning information can shorten the reaction time of aggressive participants and lengthen the reaction time of defensive participants in the two-stage warning conditions, and 3) compared to the content warning information design, countdown warning information can improve the safe takeover performance of defensive participants. This study provides a better understanding of the role of driving style on takeover performance, and driving style should be considered when designing warning systems for autonomous vehicles.

驾驶风格被认为是自动驾驶的关键因素。然而，驾驶风格在自动驾驶过程中接管过程中的作用还需要进一步研究。本研究的主要目的是探讨在预警系统因素影响下驾驶风格对接管绩效的影响。此外，本研究还探讨了驾驶风格对反应时间的影响是否随时间变化，以及驾驶风格对综合接管质量指标的作用。进行了两次具有不同接管请求（TOR）设计的驾驶模拟实验。实验1中，在TOR中提供了内容警告信息，并设计了不同的警告阶段；实验2中，TOR中提供了倒计时警告信息，并具有不同的警告阶段设计。64 名参与者（实验 1 32 人，实验 2 32 人）根据驾驶风格（即攻击性或防御性）使用中文版多维驾驶风格调查表（简称 MDSI-C）分为两组。结果表明，驾驶员的驾驶风格对接管性能有显着影响，但这种影响受到警告系统设计的影响。具体来说，在大多数警告条件下，防御性参与者比攻击性参与者表现出更好的接管性能，即更短的反应时间和谨慎的车辆控制行为。倒计时警示信息内容和警示阶段设计影响了驾驶风格对接管绩效的作用：1）与一级警示设计相比，两阶段警示设计显着缩短了不同驾驶风格参与者的反应时间， 2）与倒计时警示信息设计相比，内容警示信息设计在两阶段警示条件下可以缩短攻击性参与者的反应时间，延长防御性参与者的反应时间，3）与内容警示信息设计相比、倒计时预警信息可以提高防御参与者的安全接管表现。这项研究可以更好地理解驾驶风格对接管性能的作用，并且在设计自动驾驶车辆的预警系统时应考虑驾驶风格。