Purpose

The lack of age-appropriate expectations for feeding acceptance patterns in early childhood is a barrier to early and accurate identification of pediatric feeding disorder (PFD). The objective of the study was to describe the process by which typically developing children 8–12 months of age accept or refuse bite presentations and their corresponding feeding behaviors, aiming to establish age-appropriate normative data for feeding acceptance.

Method

Using cross-sectional methodology, we studied the proportion of bite presentations accepted, the type of feeding behaviors-passive, disruptive, expulsion, feeding concerns- observed at presentation and acceptance or refusal, and the duration between presentation to acceptance or refusal in 63 healthy infants between 8 and 12 months of age. Descriptive statistics and a one-way ANOVA were conducted to compare the effect of age and texture.

Results

Findings reveal high levels of bite acceptance of 80 % or > for children across ages, but with lower texture-specific differences. Both passive and disruptive behaviors were present even during acceptance of bites without any expulsion. Feeding concerns showed developmental trends with rapid reduction by 12 months suggesting improvement in oral feeding skills. The duration of acceptance and refusals revealed clear patterns by age and texture with an average of 3 s for acceptance but <1 s for refusal.

Conclusions

This study describes bite acceptance patterns in a cohort of typically developing infants between 8 and 12 months of age by examining the acceptance of bites, frequency and type of feeding behaviors, and duration differences when children accept versus refuse a bite. Findings may be applied in the future to provide more sensitive detection of problematic feeding patterns to aid in the detection of pediatric feeding disorder.

中文翻译：

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8至12个月大婴儿对咬伤表现和喂养行为的接受度：典型喂养发展的反映

目的

幼儿时期对喂养接受模式缺乏适合年龄的期望是早期准确识别儿科喂养障碍（PFD）的障碍。该研究的目的是描述8-12个月大的典型发育儿童接受或拒绝咬伤的过程及其相应的喂养行为，旨在建立适合年龄的喂养接受标准数据。

方法

使用横断面方法，我们研究了 63 名健康受试者中被接受的咬伤表现的比例、在表现和接受或拒绝时观察到的喂养行为类型（被动、破坏性、驱逐、喂养问题）以及表现到接受或拒绝之间的持续时间。 8 至 12 个月大的婴儿。进行描述性统计和单向方差分析来比较年龄和质地的影响。

结果

研究结果显示，各个年龄段的儿童对咬合的接受度都很高，达到 80% 或以上，但不同质地的差异较小。即使在没有任何驱逐的情况下接受咬伤，也会出现被动和破坏性行为。喂养问题呈现出发育趋势，在 12 个月内迅速减少，表明口服喂养技能有所改善。接受和拒绝的持续时间根据年龄和纹理显示出清晰的模式，接受的平均时间为 3 秒，拒绝的平均时间小于 1 秒。

结论

这项研究通过检查咬伤的接受程度、喂养行为的频率和类型，以及儿童接受与拒绝咬伤的持续时间差异，描述了一组 8 至 12 个月大的典型发育婴儿的咬伤接受模式。研究结果可能会在未来应用，以更灵敏地检测有问题的喂养模式，以帮助检测儿科喂养障碍。