Modern integrative taxonomy-based annelid species descriptions are detailed combining morphological data and, since the last decades, also molecular information. Historic species descriptions are often comparatively brief lacking such detail. Adoptions of species names from western literature in the past led to the assumption of cosmopolitan ranges for many species, which, in many cases, were later found to include cryptic or pseudocryptic lineages with subtle morphological differences. Natural history collections and databases can aid in assessing the geographic ranges of species but depend on correct species identification. Obtaining DNA sequence information from wet-collection museum specimens of marine annelids is often impeded by the use of formaldehyde and/or long-term storage in ethanol resulting in DNA degradation and cross-linking. The application of ancient DNA extraction methodology in combination with single-stranded DNA library preparation and target gene capture resulted in successful sequencing of a 110-year-old collection specimen of quill worms. Furthermore, a 40-year-old specimen of quill worms was successfully sequenced using a standard extraction protocol for modern samples, PCR and Sanger sequencing. Our study presents the first molecular analysis of Hyalinoecia species including the previously known species Hyalinoecia robusta, H. tubicloa, H. artifex, and H. longibranchiata, and a potentially undescribed species from equatorial western Africa morphologically indistinguishable from H. tubicola. The study also investigates the distribution of these five Hyalinoecia species. Reassessing the distribution of H. robusta reveals a geographical range covering both the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans as indicated by molecular data obtained from recent and historical specimens. Our results represent an example of a very wide geographical distribution of a brooding deep-sea annelid with a complex reproduction strategy and seemingly very limited dispersal capacity of its offspring, and highlights the importance of molecular information from museum specimens for integrative annelid taxonomy and biogeography.

中文翻译：

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深海育雏多毛类动物的广泛传播：自然历史收藏在评估羽毛蠕虫（Onuphidae、Annelida）分布中的作用

基于现代综合分类学的环节动物物种描述结合了形态学数据以及过去几十年以来的分子信息。历史物种的描述通常相对简短，缺乏此类细节。过去采用西方文献中的物种名称导致了许多物种的世界范围的假设，在许多情况下，后来发现这些物种包括具有微妙形态差异的神秘或伪神秘谱系。自然历史收藏和数据库可以帮助评估物种的地理范围，但取决于正确的物种识别。从海洋环节动物湿采集博物馆标本中获取 DNA 序列信息通常会因使用甲醛和/或长期储存在乙醇中而导致 DNA 降解和交联而受到阻碍。应用古代 DNA 提取方法，结合单链 DNA 文库制备和目标基因捕获，成功对 110 年历史的羽毛蠕虫标本进行测序。此外，使用现代样本的标准提取方案、PCR 和桑格测序，成功对一个 40 岁的羽毛蠕虫样本进行了测序。我们的研究首次对 Hyalinoecia 物种进行了分子分析，包括先前已知的物种 HyalinoeciaRobusta、H.tubicloa、H.artifex 和 H.longibranchiata，以及来自赤道西非的一种可能未描述的物种，在形态上与 H.tubicloa 无法区分。该研究还调查了这五种 Hyalinoecia 物种的分布。从最近和历史标本中获得的分子数据表明，重新评估罗布斯塔的分布揭示了覆盖大西洋和印度洋的地理范围。我们的研究结果代表了育雏深海环节动物非常广泛的地理分布的一个例子，其繁殖策略复杂，其后代的扩散能力似乎非常有限，并强调了博物馆标本中的分子信息对于综合环节动物分类学和生物地理学的重要性。