In the coming decades, as humanity aims to establish a presence on Mars, there is a growing significance in comprehending, monitoring, and controlling the diverse health challenges arising from space exploration. The extended exposure to microgravity during space missions leads to various physical alterations in astronauts, such as shifts in bodily fluids, reduced plasma volume, loss of bone density, muscle wasting, and cardiovascular deconditioning. These changes can ultimately lead to orthostatic intolerance, underscoring the increasing importance of addressing these health risks. Astronauts are exposed to cosmic radiation consisting of high-energy particles from various sources, including solar cosmic rays and galactic cosmic rays. These radiations can impact the electrical signals in the heart, potentially causing irregular heart rhythms. Understanding the risks to the heart and blood circulation brought on by exposure to space radiation and the overall stress of spaceflight is essential and this article reviews the cardiovascular effects of space travel on astronauts.

中文翻译：

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地球之外的心血管挑战：调查太空旅行对宇航员心血管健康的影响。

未来几十年，随着人类致力于在火星上立足，理解、监测和控制太空探索带来的各种健康挑战变得越来越重要。太空任务期间长时间暴露在微重力下会导致宇航员出现各种身体变化，例如体液变化、血浆量减少、骨密度下降、肌肉萎缩和心血管功能失调。这些变化最终可能导致体位不耐受，凸显了解决这些健康风险的重要性。宇航员暴露于由各种来源的高能粒子组成的宇宙辐射，包括太阳宇宙射线和银河宇宙射线。这些辐射会影响心脏的电信号，可能导致心律不齐。了解暴露于太空辐射对心脏和血液循环造成的风险以及太空飞行的整体压力至关重要，本文回顾了太空旅行对宇航员的心血管影响。