Introduction

Differences between women and men matter in the prevalence and risk factors of dementia. We aimed to examine potential sex differences regarding the effectiveness by running a secondary analysis of the AgeWell.de trial, a cluster-randomized multicenter multi-domain lifestyle intervention to reduce cognitive decline.

Methods

Intention-to-treat analyses of women (n=433) and men (n=386) aged 60 to 77 years were used for models including interactions between intervention group allocation and sex followed by subgroup analysis stratified by sex on primary and secondary outcomes. Further, the same procedure was repeated for age groups (60–69 vs. 70–77) within sex-specific subgroups to assess the effectiveness in different age groups. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (ref. number: DRKS00013555).

Results

No differences were found between women and men in the effectiveness of the intervention on cognitive performance. However, women benefitted from the intervention regarding depressive symptoms while men did not. Health-related quality of life was enhanced for younger intervention participants (60–69 years) in both women and men.

Conclusion

The AgeWell.de intervention was able to improve depressive symptoms in women and health-related quality of life in younger participants. Female participants between 60 and 69 years benefited the most. Results support the need of better individually targeted lifestyle interventions for older adults.

中文翻译：

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谁受益最大？生活方式干预对老年女性和男性认知衰退的有效性——AgeWell.de-审判的二次分析

介绍

女性和男性之间的差异在痴呆症的患病率和危险因素方面很重要。我们的目的是通过对 AgeWell.de 试验进行二次分析来检查有效性方面潜在的性别差异，该试验是一项旨在减少认知衰退的集群随机多中心多领域生活方式干预措施。

方法

对年龄 60 至 77 岁的女性 (n=433) 和男性 (n=386) 进行意向治疗分析，用于建立模型，包括干预组分配和性别之间的相互作用，然后对主要和次要结果按性别分层进行亚组分析。此外，对特定性别亚组中的年龄组（60-69 岁与 70-77 岁）重复相同的程序，以评估不同年龄组的有效性。试验注册：德国临床试验注册处（参考号：DRKS00013555）。

结果

在认知表现干预的有效性方面，女性和男性之间没有发现差异。然而，女性从针对抑郁症状的干预中受益，而男性却没有。年轻干预参与者（60-69 岁）的女性和男性的健康相关生活质量均得到提高。

结论

AgeWell.de 的干预措施能够改善女性的抑郁症状和年轻参与者的健康相关生活质量。60 至 69 岁的女性参与者受益最多。结果表明需要对老年人进行更好的个性化生活方式干预。