Addictions comprises heterogenous psychiatric conditions caused by the complex interaction of genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors with a chronic relapsing-remitting pattern. Despite the long-standing efforts of preclinical and clinical research studies, addiction field has seen relatively slow progress when it comes to the development of new therapeutic interventions, most of which failed to demonstrate a significant efficacy. This is likely due to the very complex interplay of many factors that contribute to both the development and expression of addictions. The imbalance between the salience and the reward brain network circuitry has been proposed as the neurobiological mechanisms explaining the pathognomonic symptoms of addictions.Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques have been proposed as a promising therapeutic intervention to restore these brain circuits dysfunctions. Here, we propose a multi-level strategy to innovate the diagnosis and the treatment of addictive disorders.

成瘾包括由遗传、神经生物学、心理和环境因素与慢性复发缓解模式的复杂相互作用引起的异质性精神疾病。尽管经过长期的临床前和临床研究的努力，成瘾领域在新的治疗干预措施的开发方面进展相对缓慢，其中大多数未能表现出显着的疗效。这可能是由于导致成瘾的发展和表现的许多因素非常复杂的相互作用所致。显着性和奖励脑网络回路之间的不平衡已被提出作为解释成瘾的病理症状的神经生物学机制。非侵入性神经调节技术已被提出作为恢复这些脑回路功能障碍的有前途的治疗干预措施。在这里，我们提出了一种多层次的策略来创新成瘾性疾病的诊断和治疗。