ABSTRACT: Farming of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar has resulted in highly domesticated individuals, with notable genetic and phenotypic differences from their wild counterparts. Understanding how interbreeding with aquaculture escapees affects wild, often at-risk populations is increasingly essential to conservation efforts. Here, we used an experimental release of wild, farm, and reciprocal F₁ hybrid fry at 3 sites in the Garnish River in Newfoundland, Canada, to evaluate family and cross-specific patterns of recapture/survival, size, sex ratio, and precocial male maturation over a 28 mo period. Trends in cross type recapture changed over the study period, with the highest recapture at 3 mo in parr with wild mothers and between 15 and 28 mo in aquaculture offspring. Size trends among crosses and sites remained consistent over the study duration, with pure farm and wild-mother hybrids being consistently larger than wild individuals and 1 site displaying elevated sizes in all crosses. Rates of parr maturation differed by sex and cross type, and family-based analysis indicated family representation and size also remained consistent through time. These results indicate there is a difference in vital rates such as survival and precocial maturation between farm and wild Atlantic salmon during the freshwater early life history period, and this difference can change significantly over time. As such, an improved understanding of genetic and ecological interactions which takes this ontogenetic variation into account is likely essential to fully understand how hybridization and introgression with farm escapees are affecting wild populations.

中文翻译：

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自然界中野生、养殖和杂交大西洋鲑鱼 Salmo salar 相对存活率和健康相关性状变化的实验比较

摘要：大西洋鲑鱼Salmo salar的养殖产生了高度驯化的个体，与野生鲑鱼具有显着的遗传和表型差异。了解与水产养殖逃逸者的杂交如何影响野生的、往往处于危险中的种群对于保护工作越来越重要。在这里，我们在加拿大纽芬兰加尼什河的 3 个地点对野生、农场和互惠 F ₁杂交鱼苗进行了实验性释放，以评估家庭和跨物种的重新捕获/生存、大小、性别比例和早熟模式。雄性成熟需要28个月的时间。在研究期间，杂交类型重新捕获的趋势发生了变化，在与野生母亲的帕尔中，重新捕获的最高时间为 3 个月，而水产养殖后代的重新捕获时间为 15 至 28 个月。在研究期间，杂交和地点之间的大小趋势保持一致，纯农场和野生母本杂交体始终大于野生个体，并且 1 个地点在所有杂交中显示出较高的大小。帕尔成熟率因性别和杂交类型而异，基于家庭的分析表明家庭代表性和规模也随着时间的推移保持一致。这些结果表明，在淡水早期生命史期间，养殖大西洋鲑鱼和野生大西洋鲑鱼的存活率和早熟率等存在差异，并且这种差异会随着时间的推移而发生显着变化。因此，更好地理解遗传和生态相互作用，并考虑到这种个体发生变异，对于充分理解与农场逃逸者的杂交和基因渗入如何影响野生种群可能至关重要。