The term ‘blue economy’, first introduced in 2010, is the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, jobs, ocean health, and to improve livelihoods. However, a sustainable blue economy faces various challenges in the form of global warming, ocean acidification, and lack of knowledge about the ocean; for example, 95% of the sea is still unexplored, making it more important to understand the blue economy and implement it on a global scale. Other challenges include harmful algal blooms (HABs), invasive species, coral bleaching, and thermohaline circulation. This review discusses various aspects of the blue economy like food, value-added products, offshore energy, oxygen source, mining, fisheries, carbon sequestration, and cloud seeding. The future aspects of blue economy, like sustainability, effective policies, and reducing carbon footprints and microplastics are also explored here.

“蓝色经济”一词于2010年首次提出，是指可持续利用海洋资源促进经济增长、就业、海洋健康和改善生计。然而，可持续的蓝色经济面临着全球变暖、海洋酸化、海洋知识匮乏等各种挑战；例如，95%的海洋尚未开发，这使得了解蓝色经济并在全球范围内实施变得更加重要。其他挑战包括有害藻华 (HAB)、入侵物种、珊瑚白化和温盐循环。这篇评论讨论了蓝色经济的各个方面，如食品、增值产品、海上能源、氧气来源、采矿、渔业、碳封存和人工降雨。这里还探讨了蓝色经济的未来方面，例如可持续性、有效政策以及减少碳足迹和微塑料。