Alloantibodies, especially anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA antibodies), and autoantibodies, as angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies (AT1R antibodies), may complicate the access and the course of transplantation. Pregnancy is a known source of HLA antibodies, with most studies evaluating pregnancy-induced sensitization by complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays, mainly after childbirth. AT1R antibodies have been evaluated in the context of preeclampsia. We aimed to evaluate pregnancy as a natural source of HLA antibodies and AT1R antibodies, their dynamics along gestation and the potential factors involved in antibody appearance. Serum samples from pregnant women were collected during the three trimesters of pregnancy (1T, 2T, 3T). Presence of HLA antibodies was assessed by screening beads on Luminex and AT1R antibodies by ELISA. A cohort of 138 pregnant women were included. Samples from all were tested in 1T, 127 in 2T and 102 in 3T. HLA antibodies increased from 29.7 % (1T) to 38.2 % (3T). ATR antibodies were stable around 30 % along pregnancy. Up to 43.2 % multiparous women had HLA antibodies, with a similar proportion of class I and class II antibodies. In primiparous women HLA antibodies increased along pregnancy (from 17.6 % to 34.1 %), with predominance of class II HLA antibodies. ATR antibodies were not different in primiparous and multiparous women. Pregnancy is a relevant source of HLA antibodies sensitization, but not of ATR antibodies. HLA antibodies increased clearly in primiparous women with predominance of class II. The use of newer solid-phase techniques on Luminex evidence a higher degree of HLA sensitization during pregnancy.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期 HLA 和血管紧张素 II 1 型受体抗体的动态变化

同种抗体，特别是抗人白细胞抗原抗体（HLA 抗体）和自身抗体，如血管紧张素 II 1 型受体抗体（AT1R 抗体），可能会使移植的途径和过程复杂化。妊娠是 HLA 抗体的已知来源，大多数研究主要是在分娩后通过补体依赖性细胞毒性测定来评估妊娠引起的过敏。AT1R 抗体已在先兆子痫的背景下进行了评估。我们的目的是评估妊娠作为 HLA 抗体和 AT1R 抗体的天然来源、它们在妊娠过程中的动态以及与抗体出现有关的潜在因素。在怀孕的三个三个月（1T、2T、3T）期间收集孕妇的血清样本。通过 ELISA 筛选 Luminex 和 AT1R 抗体上的珠子来评估 HLA 抗体的存在。其中包括 138 名孕妇。所有样品均在 1T 中进行了测试，127 个样品在 2T 中进行了测试，102 个样品在 3T 中进行了测试。HLA 抗体从 29.7% (1T) 增加到 38.2% (3T)。ATR 抗体在整个怀孕期间稳定在 30% 左右。高达 43.2% 的经产妇女具有 HLA 抗体，其中 I 类和 II 类抗体的比例相似。初产妇的 HLA 抗体在怀孕期间不断增加（从 17.6% 增加到 34.1%），其中以 II 类 HLA 抗体为主。ATR 抗体在初产妇和多产妇中没有差异。怀孕是 HLA 抗体致敏的相关来源，但不是 ATR 抗体的相关来源。初产妇HLA抗体明显升高，以II类为主。Luminex 上更新的固相技术的使用证明了妊娠期间 HLA 致敏程度更高。