Educational Aims:

The reader will come to appreciate:

Our current understanding of what Post Covid Syndrome (PCS) represents.

The presentation and assessment of children and young people (CYP) with PCS

Management strategies to address symptoms and their impact on functioning.

Future Directions for Research:

To establish key pathophysiological mechanisms and possible targeted pharmacological treatment for PCS symptomatology

To understand the association of PCS with other conditions including neurodevelopmental conditions, hypermobility, and autonomic dysfunction.

To examine the link between PCS and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and whether research from PCS patients offers insights for ME/CFS and other post viral conditions.

Summary

Post Covid Syndrome (PCS) is a complex multi-system disorder with a spectrum of presentations. Severity ranges from mild to very severe with variable duration of illness and recovery. This paper discusses the difficulties defining and describing PCS. We review the current understanding of PCS, epidemiology, and predisposing factors. We consider potential mechanisms including viral persistence, clotting dysfunction and immunity. We review presentation and diagnosis and finally consider management strategies including addressing symptom burden, rehabilitation, and novel therapies.

中文翻译：

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儿童和青少年后新冠肺炎综合征病理生理学、临床表现和治疗综述

教育目标：

读者将会体会到：

我们目前对新冠肺炎后综合症 (PCS) 的理解。

儿童和青少年 (CYP) 的 PCS 表现和评估

解决症状及其对功能影响的管理策略。

未来的研究方向：

建立 PCS 症状的关键病理生理机制和可能的靶向药物治疗

了解 PCS 与其他疾病（包括神经发育疾病、活动过度和自主神经功能障碍）的关联。

旨在检查 PCS 与肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征 (ME/CFS) 之间的联系，以及 PCS 患者的研究是否为 ME/CFS 和其他病毒后病症提供见解。

概括

新冠肺炎后综合症 (PCS) 是一种复杂的多系统疾病，具有多种表现形式。严重程度从轻微到非常严重，患病和康复的持续时间各不相同。本文讨论了定义和描述 PCS 的困难。我们回顾了目前对 PCS、流行病学和诱发因素的理解。我们考虑的潜在机制包括病毒持续存在、凝血功能障碍和免疫。我们回顾表现和诊断，最后考虑管理策略，包括解决症状负担、康复和新疗法。