Building on the concept of participatory regulation, this study emphasizes recognizing the multidimensional character of citizens' risk regulation preferences. Using the case of autonomous vehicles, we specify six technology-related risks: product safety, regulatory oversight, legal liability, ethical prioritization, data protection, and human supervision. We argue that differences in these multidimensional risk regulation preferences are shaped by citizens' political beliefs, technology attitudes, and national innovation cultures. To test these hypotheses, a conjoint experiment was conducted in the United States (1188 participants), Japan (1135 participants), and Germany (1174 participants) in which respondents compared hypothetical regulation regimes for self-driving cars, varying alongside the six regulatory risk dimensions. The findings show a universal preference for increased legal responsibility of manufacturers and more stringent safety regulations for autonomous vehicles. Political beliefs and technological attitudes had minimal impact on these preferences. Although there were some cultural differences in privacy and ethical prioritization, no systematic differences were noted across countries, suggesting the possibility of finding common ground in standardizing risk regulations for self-driving cars.

中文翻译：

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技术风险监管的多维偏好：政治信仰、技术态度和国家创新文化的作用

基于参与性监管的概念，本研究强调认识公民风险监管偏好的多维特征。以自动驾驶汽车为例，我们明确了六种与技术相关的风险：产品安全、监管监督、法律责任、道德优先、数据保护和人类监督。我们认为，这些多维风险监管偏好的差异是由公民的政治信仰、技术态度和国家创新文化决定的。为了检验这些假设，我们在美国（1188 名参与者）、日本（1135 名参与者）和德国（1174 名参与者）进行了一项联合实验，其中受访者比较了自动驾驶汽车的假设监管制度，以及六种监管风险的变化方面。调查结果表明，人们普遍倾向于增加制造商的法律责任以及对自动驾驶汽车制定更严格的安全法规。政治信仰和技术态度对这些偏好的影响微乎其微。尽管在隐私和道德优先考虑方面存在一些文化差异，但各国之间没有发现系统性差异，这表明在标准化自动驾驶汽车风险监管方面找到共同点的可能性。