Intestinal inflammatory fibrosis is a severe consequence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). There is currently no cure for the treatment of intestinal fibrosis in IBD. Although inflammation is necessary for triggering fibrosis, the anti-inflammatory agents used to treat IBD are ineffective in preventing the progression of intestinal fibrosis and stricture formation once initiated, suggesting that inflammatory signals are not the sole drivers of fibrosis progression once it is established. Among multiple mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of intestinal fibrosis in IBD, stromal cells play critical roles in mediating the process. In this review, we summarize recent progress on how stromal cells regulate intestinal fibrosis in IBD and how they are regulated by focusing on immune regulation and gut microbiota. We also outline the challenges moving forward in the field.

中文翻译：

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肠道炎症纤维化的基质细胞调节

肠道炎症纤维化是炎症性肠病（IBD）的严重后果。目前尚无治疗 IBD 肠纤维化的方法。尽管炎症对于引发纤维化是必要的，但用于治疗 IBD 的抗炎药物在预防肠道纤维化进展和狭窄形成一旦开始时就无效，这表明炎症信号并不是纤维化进展一旦形成的唯一驱动因素。在 IBD 肠纤维化发生和进展的多种机制中，基质细胞在介导该过程中发挥着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了基质细胞如何调节IBD肠道纤维化以及如何通过关注免疫调节和肠道微生物群来调节它们的最新进展。我们还概述了该领域前进的挑战。