The primary limitation of gentamicin (Gm) treatment is its potential to induce nephrotoxicity, which can restrict both its duration and efficacy. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Crocin (Cr) against Gm-induced nephrotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms, including inflammation, apoptosis, TLR-4, Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways. 36 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups for the study. Group I received only saline. Groups II and III were administered 25 and 50 mg/kg of crocin, respectively. Group IV was treated with 80 mg/kg of Gm. Groups V and VI received 25 and 50 mg/kg of crocin, respectively, in addition to Gm administration. Crocin demonstrated protective effects on kidney tissue. It down-regulated the genes NF-κB, COX-2, TLR-4, Bax, and Caspase-3, while up-regulating Bcl-2, Nrf-2, and HO-1. In conclusion, these findings hold promise for the prevention of Gm-induced nephrotoxicity through the modulation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

庆大霉素 (Gm) 治疗的主要限制是其可能诱发肾毒性，这会限制其持续时间和疗效。本研究旨在探讨藏红花素（Cr）对Gm诱导的肾毒性的保护作用及其潜在机制，包括炎症、细胞凋亡、TLR-4、Nrf-2/HO-1通路。 36 只 Sprague Dawley 大鼠被分为 6 组进行研究。 I组仅接受生理盐水。 II组和III组分别施用25mg/kg和50mg/kg的藏红花素。第IV组用80mg/kg的Gm治疗。除给予Gm外，V组和VI组分别接受25mg/kg和50mg/kg的藏红花素。藏红花素对肾组织具有保护作用。它下调 NF-κB、COX-2、TLR-4、Bax 和 Caspase-3 基因，同时上调 Bcl-2、Nrf-2 和 HO-1。总之，这些发现有望通过调节 Nrf-2/HO-1 途径来预防 Gm 诱导的肾毒性。