The expression of manner has been extensively studied in the case of motion event descriptions, unveiling significant typological differences between satellite-framed and verb-framed languages and cognitive differences between speakers of these languages. However, far from being restricted to this semantic domain, the expression of manner extends to other types of event descriptions and across virtually all verb classes. In this paper, by considering all the means of expressing manner and grounding our research in a domain-independent definition of this component, we investigate the expression and the transfer of manner under high cognitive pressure as evidenced by corpus data from French–English (FE) and English–French (EF) simultaneous interpreting. Unexpectedly, both French and English displayed an overall cross-domain preference for the verbal-lexical coding of manner in event descriptions, while still differing in the degree to which it was favored. In addition, although our study does not allow a direct measure of cognitive load, the FE interpreters transfer more manner from the source to the target speeches than the EF interpreters do, despite high pressure on cognitive resources, supporting the claim that manner can be cognitively more salient and accessible for English than for French speakers, not only in the domain of motion but also at a more general level, potentially in any semantic domain.

中文翻译：

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高认知压力下的处理方式：来自法英和英法同声传译的证据

在运动事件描述的情况下，方式的表达已被广泛研究，揭示了卫星框架语言和动词框架语言之间的显着类型差异以及这些语言的使用者之间的认知差异。然而，方式的表达远不限于这个语义领域，而是扩展到其他类型的事件描述以及几乎所有动词类别。在本文中，通过考虑表达方式的所有手段并将我们的研究建立在该组件的独立于领域的定义的基础上，我们研究了高认知压力下的表达和方式迁移，如法语-英语（FE）的语料库数据所证明的那样）和英语-法语（EF）同声传译。出乎意料的是，法语和英语都对事件描述中的语言词汇方式编码表现出整体跨领域的偏好，但偏好程度仍存在差异。此外，尽管我们的研究不允许直接测量认知负荷，但 FE 口译员比 EF 口译员将更多的方式从源语言转移到目标语音，尽管认知资源压力很大，这支持了方式可以被认知地改变的观点。对于说英语的人来说，比说法语的人更显着、更容易理解，不仅在运动领域，而且在更一般的层面上，可能在任何语义领域。