According to Talmy, in verb-framed languages (e.g., French), the core schema of an event (Path) is lexicalized, leaving the co-event (Manner) in the periphery of the sentence or optional; in satellite-framed languages (e.g., English), the core schema is jointly expressed with the co-event in construals that lexicalize Manner and express Path peripherally. Some studies suggest that such differences are only surface differences that cannot influence the cognitive processing of events, while others support that they can constrain both verbal and non-verbal processing. This study investigates whether such typological differences, together with other factors, influence visual processing and decision-making. English and French participants were tested in three eye-tracking tasks involving varied Manner–Path configurations and language to different degrees. Participants had to process a target motion event and choose the variant that looked most like the target (non-verbal categorization), then describe the events (production), and perform a similarity judgment after hearing a target sentence (verbal categorization). The results show massive cross-linguistic differences in production and additional partial language effects in visualization and similarity judgment patterns – highly dependent on the salience and nature of events and the degree of language involvement. The findings support a non-modular approach to language–thought relations and a fine-grained vision of the classic lexicalization/conflation theory.

中文翻译：

---

语言如何影响空间思维、运动事件的分类和注视行为：跨语言比较

根据塔尔米的说法，在动词框架语言（例如，法语），事件（路径）的核心模式被词汇化，将共同事件（方式）留在句子的外围或可选；在卫星框架语言（例如，英语），核心图式与共同事件共同表达在词汇化方式和外围表达路径的解释中。一些研究表明，这种差异只是表面差异，不能影响事件的认知处理，而另一些研究则支持它们可以限制言语和非言语处理。这项研究调查了这种类型差异是否与其他因素一起影响视觉处理和决策。英语和法语参与者接受了三项眼球追踪任务的测试，涉及不同程度的不同方式路径配置和语言。参与者必须处理目标运动事件并选择与目标最相似的变体（非语言分类），然后描述事件（产生），并在听到目标句子后进行相似性判断（语言分类）。结果显示，生产中存在巨大的跨语言差异，以及可视化和相似性判断模式中的额外部分语言效应——高度依赖于事件的显着性和性质以及语言参与的程度。研究结果支持对语言-思维关系的非模块化方法和经典词汇化/合并理论的细粒度愿景。