Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a plant belonging to the genus Ziziphus of the family Rhamnaceae. Z. jujuba is generally rich in nutrients—vitamin C, thiamin, and riboflavin—making it an excellent source of functional food. Z. jujuba cultivation has a long history, resulting in the creation of numerous cultivars, and the economic value of this plant has recently been on the rise. Therefore, there is a need for easy and accurate methods to distinguish the cultivars. We developed insertion or deletion (InDel) markers using chloroplast (CP) DNA to identify Z. jujuba cultivars. A total of 192 InDel loci were found and 21 InDel markers were developed. Twenty-two InDel markers were used for diversity analysis, including the Zj-InDel-1 marker developed in the previous study. The size of the InDel loci varied from 4 to 200 bp. The maximum value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.35, the minimum value was 0.03, and the average was 0.31. The 61 Z. jujuba cultivars were grouped into 8 CP types by the 22 CP InDel markers. The ‘Dongjo’, ‘Sanjo’, ‘Tibetwang’ and ‘Wolgwang’ cultivars were classified independently among the 61 cultivars. The InDel markers developed in this study could be used for cultivar identification and breeding of Z. jujuba.

枣（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.）是鼠李科枣属植物。大枣通常富含维生素 C、硫胺素和核黄素等营养成分，使其成为功能性食品的绝佳来源。大枣栽培历史悠久，品种繁多，近年来其经济价值不断上升。因此，需要一种简单且准确的方法来区分品种。我们使用叶绿体 (CP) DNA 开发了插入或缺失 (InDel) 标记来鉴定大枣品种。总共发现了 192 个 InDel 位点，并开发了 21 个 InDel 标记。22 个 InDel 标记用于多样性分析，包括先前研究中开发的 Zj-InDel-1 标记。InDel 位点的大小从 4 到 200 bp 不等。多态性信息含量(PIC)最大值为0.35，最小值为0.03，平均值为0.31。通过22个CP InDel标记将61个大枣品种分为8个CP类型。“Dongjo”、“Sanjo”、“Tibetwang”和“Wolgwang”品种在 61 个品种中被独立分类。本研究开发的InDel标记可用于大枣的品种鉴定和育种。