Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is a type II transmembrane protein that serves critical roles in antiretroviral defense in the innate immune response. In addition, it has been suggested that BST2 is highly expressed in various types of human cancer and high BST2 expression is related to different clinicopathological parameters in cancer. The molecular mechanism underlying BST2 as a potential tumor biomarker in human solid tumors has been reported on; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no review published on the molecular mechanism of BST2 in human solid tumors. The present review focuses on human BST2 expression, structure and functions; the molecular mechanisms of BST2 in breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastrointestinal tumor and other solid tumors; the therapeutic potential of BST2; and the possibility of BST2 as a potential marker. BST2 is involved in cell membrane integrity and lipid raft formation, which can activate epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways, providing a potential mechanistic link between BST2 and tumorigenesis. Notably, BST2 may be considered a universal tumor biomarker and a potential therapeutical target.

中文翻译：

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骨髓基质细胞抗原 2：肿瘤生物学、信号通路和治疗靶向（综述）。

骨髓基质细胞抗原 2 (BST2) 是一种 II 型跨膜蛋白，在先天免疫反应的抗逆转录病毒防御中发挥关键作用。此外，有人提出BST2在各种类型的人类癌症中高表达，并且BST2的高表达与癌症的不同临床病理参数相关。BST2 作为人类实体瘤潜在肿瘤生物标志物的分子机制已有报道；然而，据我们所知，尚未发表关于BST2在人类实体瘤中的分子机制的综述。本综述重点关注人类 BST2 的表达、结构和功能；BST2在乳腺癌、肝细胞癌、胃肠道肿瘤等实体瘤中的分子机制；BST2的治疗潜力；以及 BST2 作为潜在标记的可能性。BST2 参与细胞膜完整性和脂筏形成，可以激活表皮生长因子受体信号通路，为 BST2 与肿瘤发生之间提供潜在的机制联系。值得注意的是，BST2 可能被认为是一种通用的肿瘤生物标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。