This paper highlights the significance of optimizing district energy systems with solar prosumers from an exergy-based perspective to minimize carbon dioxide emission responsibilities. As a case study, the Dezonnet solar district energy project in Haarlem, the Netherlands, which incorporates solar prosumers with traditional rooftop photovoltaic-thermal panels, and heat pumps, integrated with a district heating network featuring a seasonal central thermal storage aquifer, is critically examined. This paper shows that the project has carbon dioxide emission responsibilities that can only be revealed by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. A novel extension of this law relates carbon dioxide emission responsibilities with major exergy destructions. As an alternative solution, a solar/green hydrogen house concept is presented, which encompasses advanced, pumpless photovoltaic-thermal panels with heat pipes, solar flat-plate panels, and thermo-electric generator layers in a sandwiched construction with phase-change thermal storage blocks. On-site seasonal thermal storage systems utilizing phase change material and biogas generation replace the large-scale district aquifer. New optimization constraints as well as the objective function of minimum exergy destruction and corresponding emission responsibility equations are presented. Sample studies indicate that the alternative solution may reduce carbon dioxide emissions responsibility by up to 95%. This paper concludes that smaller districts or individual solar homes with advanced technologies are preferable.

本文强调了从基于火用的角度与太阳能产消者优化区域能源系统以尽量减少二氧化碳排放责任的重要性。作为案例研究，荷兰哈勒姆的 Dezonnet 太阳能区域能源项目受到严格审查，该项目将太阳能产消者与传统屋顶光伏热电池板和热泵结合在一起，并与具有季节性中央蓄热含水层的区域供热网络集成在一起。 。本文表明该项目具有只有热力学第二定律才能揭示的二氧化碳排放责任。该法的新颖延伸将二氧化碳排放责任与重大火用破坏联系起来。作为替代解决方案，提出了太阳能/绿色氢屋概念，其中包括先进的、带热管的无泵光伏热板、太阳能平板板和相变蓄热夹层结构中的热电发电机层块。利用相变材料和沼气发电的现场季节性蓄热系统取代了大规模的区域含水层。提出了新的优化约束以及最小火用破坏的目标函数和相应的排放责任方程。样本研究表明，替代解决方案可减少高达 95% 的二氧化碳排放责任。本文的结论是，较小的地区或拥有先进技术的个人太阳能住宅更可取。