The neighborhoods where individuals reside shape environmental exposures, access to resources, and opportunities. The inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities across neighborhoods perpetuates and exacerbates cardiovascular health inequities. Thus, interventions that address the neighborhood environment could reduce the inequitable burden of cardiovascular disease in disenfranchised populations. The objective of this scientific statement is to provide a roadmap illustrating how current knowledge regarding the effects of neighborhoods on cardiovascular disease can be used to develop and implement effective interventions to improve cardiovascular health at the population, health system, community, and individual levels. PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to identify observational studies and interventions examining or targeting neighborhood conditions in relation to cardiovascular health. The scientific statement summarizes how neighborhoods have been incorporated into the actions of health care systems, interventions in community settings, and policies and interventions that involve modifying the neighborhood environment. This scientific statement presents promising findings that can be expanded and implemented more broadly and identifies methodological challenges in designing studies to evaluate important neighborhood-related policies and interventions. Last, this scientific statement offers recommendations for areas that merit further research to promote a deeper understanding of the contributions of neighborhoods to cardiovascular health and health inequities and to stimulate the development of more effective interventions.

中文翻译：

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社区与心血管健康：美国心脏协会的科学声明

个人居住的社区决定着环境暴露、资源获取和机会。社区之间资源和机会的不公平分配使心血管健康不平等现象长期存在并加剧。因此，解决邻里环境问题的干预措施可以减少被剥夺公民权利的人群因心血管疾病造成的不公平负担。本科学声明的目的是提供一个路线图，说明如何利用有关社区对心血管疾病影响的现有知识来制定和实施有效的干预措施，以改善人口、卫生系统、社区和个人层面的心血管健康。PubMed/Medline、CINAHL、Cochrane 图书馆评论，以及临床试验网用于确定观察性研究和干预措施，以检查或针对与心血管健康相关的社区状况。该科学声明总结了如何将社区纳入医疗保健系统的行动、社区环境的干预措施以及涉及改变社区环境的政策和干预措施中。这份科学声明提出了有希望的发现，可以更广泛地扩展和实施，并确定了设计研究以评估重要的与社区相关的政策和干预措施的方法学挑战。最后，这份科学声明为值得进一步研究的领域提供了建议，以促进更深入地了解社区对心血管健康和健康不平等的贡献，并刺激开发更有效的干预措施。