Background There has been increased interest in how residents train in the subspecialty of skull base surgery. Examining which training methods are popular and effective to optimize residency learning is necessary, especially with new training adjuncts available to the modern trainee. In this study, we survey North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) members to analyze endoscopic skull base surgery education methods. Methods The NASBS membership was surveyed regarding endoscopic skull base surgery teaching and feedback methods using a Likert scale via an anonymized REDCap form over 4 months. Results With a response rate of 10.1%, we found that informal teaching methods and verbal qualitative feedback were rated significantly more effective than other teaching and feedback methods (p < 0.01). When comparing the opinions of otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists were less likely to believe feedback is most effective with a shared grading scale (p < 0.01). Physicians with more than 10 years of experience posttraining felt model- and rubric-based teaching were used more frequently (p < 0.01). Respondents indicated that standardization and use of simulation, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality should be at the forefront of educational practices used in the field in the coming 5 to 10 years. Conclusion Despite the current emphasis on informal training, respondents pointed to standardization and simulation as methods of endoscopic skull base surgery education that should be used more in the future. These results indicate an unmet need in skull base education. Future multi-institutional initiatives with NASBS membership participation are warranted.

中文翻译：

---

内镜颅底手术住院医师教育实践

背景 人们对住院医师如何接受颅底外科亚专业培训越来越感兴趣。有必要检查哪些培训方法流行且有效，以优化住院医师学习，特别是在现代学员可以使用新的培训辅助手段的情况下。在本研究中，我们对北美颅底协会（NASBS）成员进行了调查，分析内窥镜颅底手术教育方法。方法 使用李克特量表通过匿名 REDCap 表格对 NASBS 会员进行了为期 4 个月的内窥镜颅底手术教学和反馈方法调查。结果 我们发现，非正式教学方法和口头定性反馈的回应率为 10.1%，明显比其他教学和反馈方法更有效 (p < 0.01)。在比较耳鼻喉科医生和神经外科医生的意见时，耳鼻喉科医生不太可能相信共享分级量表的反馈是最有效的（p < 0.01）。拥有超过 10 年培训后经验的医生认为基于模型和量规的教学使用得更频繁（p < 0.01）。受访者表示，未来 5 到 10 年，模拟、人工智能和虚拟现实的标准化和使用应该成为该领域教育实践的前沿。结论 尽管目前强调非正式培训，但受访者指出标准化和模拟是未来应该更多使用的内窥镜颅底手术教育方法。这些结果表明颅底教育的需求尚未得到满足。未来有 NASBS 会员参与的多机构举措是有必要的。