The emergence of blockchain technology has seen applications increasingly hybridise cloud storage and distributed ledger technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems, complicating data management in decentralised applications (DApps). Because it is inefficient for blockchain technology to handle large amounts of data, effective on-chain and off-chain data management in peer-to-peer networks and cloud storage has drawn considerable attention. Space reservation is a cost-effective approach to managing cloud storage effectively, contrasting with the demand for additional space in real-time. Furthermore, off-chain data replication in the peer-to-peer network can eliminate single points of failure of DApps. However, recent research has rarely discussed optimising on-chain and off-chain data management in the blockchain-enabled IoT (BIoT) environment. In this study, the BIoT environment is modelled, with cloud storage and blockchain orchestrated over the peer-to-peer network. The asynchronous advantage actor-critic algorithm is applied to exploit intelligent agents with the optimal policy for data packing, space reservation, and data replication to achieve an intelligent data management strategy. The experimental analysis reveals that the proposed scheme demonstrates rapid convergence and superior performance in terms of average total reward compared with other typical schemes, resulting in enhanced scalability, security and reliability of blockchain-IoT networks, leading to an intelligent data management strategy.

区块链技术的出现使得物联网 (IoT) 和网络物理系统中的应用程序越来越多地混合云存储和分布式账本技术，从而使去中心化应用程序 (DApp) 中的数据管理变得复杂化。由于区块链技术处理大量数据的效率较低，点对点网络和云存储中有效的链上和链下数据管理引起了相当大的关注。与实时额外空间的需求相比，空间预留是一种有效管理云存储的经济高效的方法。此外，点对点网络中的链下数据复制可以消除 DApp 的单点故障。然而，最近的研究很少讨论在支持区块链的物联网（BIoT）环境中优化链上和链下数据管理。在本研究中，对 BIoT 环境进行了建模，并通过对等网络协调云存储和区块链。应用异步优势演员-批评家算法来开发具有数据打包、空间预留和数据复制最优策略的智能代理，以实现智能数据管理策略。实验分析表明，与其他典型方案相比，所提出的方案在平均总奖励方面表现出快速收敛和优越性能，从而增强了区块链物联网网络的可扩展性、安全性和可靠性，从而实现了智能数据管理策略。