Background

Arterial stiffness is an important marker of cardiovascular disease, with a considerable increase in menopause. The impact of exercise, as a preventive measure, on controlling the progression of cardiovascular disease and arterial dysfunction in middle age remains under investigation.

Objective

This systematic review aims to present the results of studies that examined the effects of different exercise programs (isolated, aerobic, and resistance or combined) on arterial stiffness and cardiorespiratory fitness in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Based on PRISMA guidelines, B-On, BioMed, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, ScienceOpen, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library and LILACS databases were searched using specific keywords.

Results

A final total of 13 manuscripts were included in the qualitative synthesis, involving 700 participants. Four studies used only cardiorespiratory exercise, three only resistance, taekwondo class or flexibility exercise, and six combined exercise programs. Most interventions ranged from 3 to 5 days per week. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity showed improvements between 0.22 m/s and 1.56 m/s. In addition, one study showed an improvement of 4.4 ml/kg/min in maximal oxygen consumption . In 7 studies, participation in exercise programs improved arterial stiffness.

Conclusions

Combined exercise (aerobic and resistance exercise) and aerobic exercise alone (swimming) improve cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women, particularly pulse wave velocity. The combined exercise program is the most effective, promoting improvements of up to −2.6 m/s in pulse wave velocity in this climacteric phase.

中文翻译：

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运动计划对绝经后妇女心肺健康和动脉僵硬度的影响：系统评价研究

背景

动脉僵硬度是心血管疾病的重要标志，随着更年期的增加，动脉硬化程度显着增加。运动作为一种预防措施，对控制中年心血管疾病和动脉功能障碍的进展的影响仍在研究中。

客观的

本系统综述旨在介绍不同运动项目（单独运动、有氧运动、阻力运动或组合运动）对绝经后女性动脉僵硬度和心肺健康影响的研究结果。

方法

根据 PRISMA 指南，使用特定关键字搜索 B-On、BioMed、EBSCOhost、MEDLINE、ScienceOpen、PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane 图书馆和 LILACS 数据库。

结果

最终共有 13 篇手稿纳入定性综合，涉及 700 名参与者。四项研究仅使用心肺运动，三项研究仅使用阻力、跆拳道课程或灵活性运动，还有六项综合​​运动项目。大多数干预措施每周 3 至 5 天。颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度在 0.22 m/s 至 1.56 m/s 之间有所改善。此外，一项研究表明最大耗氧量提高了 4.4 毫升/公斤/分钟。在 7 项研究中，参加锻炼计划可以改善动脉僵硬度。

结论

组合运动（有氧运动和抗阻运动）和单独有氧运动（游泳）可以改善绝经后女性的心肺健康和动脉僵硬度，特别是脉搏波速度。组合锻炼计划是最有效的，可促进更年期脉搏波速度提高高达 -2.6 m/s。