Reforms in the late Ottoman era had dramatic effects on health, education, and gender roles. Women had been midwives and nurses in the imperial palace since the early modern period, but few had pub...

中文翻译：

---

奥斯曼帝国晚期及其对土耳其护理的遗产

奥斯曼帝国晚期的改革对健康、教育和性别角色产生了巨大影响。自近代以来，妇女一直在皇宫中担任助产士和护士，但很少有人拥有公共场所。