The human microbiome has been increasingly recognized as having potential use for disease prediction. Predicting the risk, progression, and severity of diseases holds promise to transform clinical practice, empower patient decisions, and reduce the burden of various common diseases, as has been demonstrated for cardiovascular disease or breast cancer. Combining multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including high-dimensional genomic data, has been traditionally favored, but few studies have incorporated the human microbiome into models for predicting the prospective risk of disease. Here, we review research into the use of the human microbiome for disease prediction with a particular focus on prospective studies as well as the modulation and engineering of the microbiome as a therapeutic strategy.

人们越来越认识到人类微生物组在疾病预测方面具有潜在用途。预测疾病的风险、进展和严重程度有望改变临床实践，赋予患者决策权，并减轻各种常见疾病的负担，心血管疾病或乳腺癌已得到证明。传统上倾向于将多种可修改和不可修改的风险因素（包括高维基因组数据）结合起来，但很少有研究将人类微生物组纳入预测疾病预期风险的模型中。在这里，我们回顾了利用人类微生物组进行疾病预测的研究，特别关注前瞻性研究以及微生物组的调节和工程作为治疗策略。